资源描述：
《性别、孩子与研发能力【文献翻译】》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、外文翻译Gender,ChildrenandResearchProductivityMaterialSource:ResearchinHigherEducation,Vol.45,No.8,December2004Author:StevenStackThe‘‘productivitypuzzle,’’orgendergapinresearchproductivity,isoftenthoughttobedue,inpart,togenderedchildcareresponsibilities.Thetime,energy,andmoneydevotedtochild-rea
2、ringcanreducetheresearchproductivityofscholars,especiallywomen.However,thereislittlesystematicresearchonthisissue.Thepresentstudycontributestotheliteraturebyexploringtheproductivitypuzzleinlightoftheinfluenceofeightagesetsofchildren.DataarefromtheNationalResearchCouncil’s1995SurveyofDoctora
3、lRecipients.Theyreferto11,231PhDs,inthesciencesandengineering,whoareemployedinacademia.Controllingforchildren,structuralfactorsandpersonalcharacteristicsofthePhDs,thepresentstudyfindsthatwomenstillpublishsignificantlylessthanmen.Second,productivityishigherforPhDswithchildrenlessthan11.Third
4、,productivityisrelativelylowforwomenwithyoungchildren.Fourth,forthesocialsciences,theareawiththehighestproportionofwomenPhDs,genderisunrelatedtoproductivity,butwomeninthesocialscienceswhohaveyoungchildrenhaverelativelylowproductivity.Theleadingpredictorsofproductivityincludedlocationinarese
5、archuniversityandeffort(hoursworked).Thefullmodelexplains39%ofthevarianceinproductivity.Childrenarenotastrongpredictorofproductivity,buttheinfluencethattheydohavefollowedagenderedpattern.Previousstudiesongenderandpublishinghavegenerallyfoundthatmenpublishmorethanwomen.Areviewofmorethan50stu
6、diesconcludedthatmalescientistspublishnearlytwiceasmuchasfemalescientists.Further,malesreceivesubstantiallymorecitationstotheirworkthandofemales(ColeandSinger,1991,p.278).Thisgendergapinresearchproductivityhasbeenreferredtoasthe‘‘productivitypuzzle’’(e.g.,ColeandZuckerman,1984;XieandShauman
7、,1998,2003).Ithasbeenattributedtofactorsincludingthegreaterparentingandmaritalresponsibilitiesofwomenrelativetomen,women’sdifficultyinbecomingintegratedintothemaledominatedworkandsocialmilieu,morelimitedopportunitiesforco-authorship,discrimination,analle
