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1、外文翻译原文EnhancingIncentiveProgramswithProximalGoalsandImmediateFeedbackMaterialSource:ChinaJournalNetAuthor:DavidT.GoomasMonetaryrewards,intheformofincentivepay,havebeenshowntomaintainhighertaskperformanceratesthanhourlypaybecausetheydelivermonetaryreinforcerscontingentonperformance(Abernathy,Duff
2、y,&O’Brien,1982;Bateman&Ludwig,2003;Honeywell-Johnson&Dickinson,1999;Honeywell-Johnson,McGee,Culig,&Dickinson,2002;Gaetani,Hoxeng,&Austin,1985).Furthermore,groupincentivesareoftenmorepracticalthanindividualincentivesinproductionormanufacturingsettingsbecausetheyareeasiertoadministertoagroupthant
3、oeachmember(Keeney,1994).Inthepresentstudy,individualmonetaryrewardsofeither$200or$300permonthpergroupmemberweremadeavailabletoemployeescontingentontheirgroups’attainingtheirmonthlygroupperformancegoals.However,employeesandtheirgroupswererarelyreachingtheirmonthlyperformancegoalsandearningtheiri
4、ncentivesdeliveredcontingentongoalaccomplishment.Theincentivesystemneededtobeimprovedbecausethemonetaryrewardswerenotfunctioningasreinforcerswithinthesystem. Incentiveprogramsindirectlyprovideemployeeswithfeedbackbasedonanareaofperformanceimportanttotheirorganization.Typically,employeesareinform
5、edoftheirperformancelevelswhentheyreceivetheirincentivepay.Whenareinforcer,intheformofincentivepay,isattainedcontingentuponhighperformance,thefeedbackdeliveredwiththepaymayalsobecomeaconditionedreinforcer(Sulzer-Azaroff&Mayer,1991),ifitisnotalreadyfunctioninginthatcapacity.However,feedbackdelive
6、redinthismannercannotalsofunctionasadiscriminativestimulusforanongoingtaskperformance.Thisisbecauseitisrarely,ifever,deliveredwhiletheemployeesareperformingthetaskorsetoftasksuponwhichtheirincentivepaydepends(althoughfeedbackattheendofonetaskcanactasananalogtoadiscriminativestimulusforthenextins
7、tanceofthattask).Thereisempiricalevidencesuggestingthatwhenindividualizedperformancefeedbackisaddedtoanindividualperformanceincentivesystem,individual7performancelevelsimprove(Sama,Kopelman,&Manning,1994).Otherstudieshavesho
