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1、中文3950字，2250单词，1・3万英文字符外文翻译之二TheMeasurementofProductiveEfficiency:AReconsiderationAuthor(s)：RAYMONDJ.KoppNationality：USASource：TheQuarterlyJournalofEconomics,Vol.96,No.3(Aug.,1981),pp.477-503AbstractThepurposeofthispaperistogeneralizetheFarrellindexesofproductiveeff
2、iciencytononhomotheticproductiontechnologies,andatthesametimemaintainthecostinterpretationoftheFarrellmeasures.Sincethegeneralizedindexesrelyheavilyonrecentdevelopmentsintheestimationoffrontiercostandproductionfunctions,severalfrontiermodelsarereviewed.Inadditiontog
3、eneralizedindexesoftechnical,allocative,andoverallproductiveefficiency,avarietyofsingle-factorefficiencymeasuresarediscussed.Theapplicabilityoftheproposedefficiencymeasuresisillustratedwithanumericalexampleofelectricpowergeneration.IntroductionThepioneeringworkofMic
4、haelFarrell[1957]focusedattentionontheconceptofproductiveefficiencyandtheconsequencesofitsrecognitionforthemodelingofproductionprocesses.ThispaperreviewstheelementsoftheoriginalFarrellapproachtoefficiencymeasurementandcontemporaryeffortsutilizingfrontierfunctions.lt
5、providesthefoundationforasynthesisofFarrellefficiencymeasuresandfrontierefficiencystandards.TheresultantapproachtoefficiencymeasurementamelioratesmanyoftheweaknessesassociatedwithboththeFarrellandfrontiermethodswhilecapitalizingontheircombinedstrengths.Tobeclearatth
6、eoutset,productiveefficiencyisdefinedastheabilityofaproductionorganizationtoproduceawell-specifiedoutputatminimumcost.Tobemoreprecise,theoutputandfactorinputsmustbeclearlyspecifiedbyvectorsofmeasurableattributesthatunambiguouslydefinetheircharacteristics.Further,for
7、thesakeofexposition,itisassumedthattheproductionorganizationhasadoptedaspecifictechnology;i.e.,theexanteproductiondecisionshavebeenmade,andwhatweobserveistheoperationoftheexposttechnology.Thebodyofthispaperisinfoursections.Thefirstsectionreviewstheoriginalcontributi
8、onbyFarrell,focusingonthechoiceofanefficiencystandard.Contemporaryefficiencystandardsderivedfromfrontierfunctionsarediscussedinthesecondse
