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1、外文翻译原文TheToyotaProductionSystemandart:makinghighlycustomizedandcreativeproductstheToyotawayＭaterialSource:InternationalJournalofProductionResearch,Vol.45,No.16,15August2007,3681–3698Author:E.LANDER*yandJ.K.LIKERzTheToyotaProductionSystemhasledtoamovementof‘leanproduction’focused
2、ontakingwasteoutofvaluestreams.Mostapplicationshavebeentohighvolume,andrelativelystandardizedproducts.Underthissystemworkbecomeshighlystandardizedspecifyingtothesecondwhattheoperatorshoulddo.Buffersarepreciselysizedandcontrolledthroughvarioustypesofpullsignals.Whenpossible,useof
3、one-pieceflowcellsresultinacompletelybalancedproductionline.Theperformancebenefitsoftheseleansystemsareoftenremarkable,greatlyimprovingquality,cost,anddelivery.Butwhatofcompaniesthatarenotmakingstandardizedproductsathighvolume?Whatcantheylearnfromlean?Inthispaperwearguethereisaf
4、undamentalmisunderstandingofTPS,viewingitasaspecifictoolkittechnicallyimplementedinaformulaicwaytoachievepre-specifiedresults.Infact,TPSisaphilosophythatcanbebetterdescribedasasetofgeneralprinciplesoforganizingandmanaginganenterprisewhichcanhelpanyorganizationgetonapathofpositiv
5、elearningandimprovement.Keywords:Toyotaway;TPS;Learningorganization;Leanmanufacturing;Custommanufacturing;Highvariabilitymanufacturing1.IsTPSuniversallyapplicable?Afterthefirstoilcrisisintheearly1970sToyotabegantodrawattentionaspeoplenoticedthatitsufferedlessduringthedownturnand
6、recoveredmuchfasterthanitscompetitors.ThekeytoitssuccesswastheToyotaProductionSystem(TPS),whichwasdescribedbyfourToyotamanagers,inthefirstpaperonthetopicinthisjournal,asbeingbasedontwobasicconcepts:‘Cost reductionthroughtheeliminationofwaste’,and‘Fullutilizationofworker’scapabil
7、ities’(Sugimorietal.1977).Theyfurtherexplainthat,costreductionisachievedthroughtheuseofjust-in-timeproduction(comprisedofpullsystems,one-pieceflow,levelling)andjidoka,themaincomponentsofwhatistodayrecognizedastheTPShouse(JapanManagementAssociationandLu1989,Shook2002,Liker2004).F
8、ullyutilizingworker’scapabilitiesrequiresasyste
