JIT库存管理战略与精益生产【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译Just-In-TimeInventoryManagementStrategy&LeanManufacturingMaterialSource:AcademyofManagementReviewAuthor:StevenWhiteOverviewofJust-in-TimeInventoryManagementJust-in-timeisamovementandideathathasgainedwideacceptanceinthebusinesscommunityoverthepastdecade.A

2、scompaniesbecamemoreandmorecompetitiveandthepressuresfromJapanscontinuousimprovementculture,otherfirmswereforcedtofindinnovativewaystocutcostsandcompete.TheideabehindJIT,orleanmanufacturing,istohavethesuppliesafirmneedsattheexactmomentthattheyareneeded.Inord

3、ertoaccomplishthisgoalafirmmustconstantlybeseekingwaystoreducewasteandenhancevalue.Arecentsurveyofseniormanufacturingexecutivesshowedthat71%usedsomeformofJITintheirprocesses(Pragman).ThissimplestatisticillustratesthatJITisheretostayandalsothatfirmsmustconsta

4、ntlybesearchingforwaystocutcostsandachieveanadvantage.JITisonewaytoachievethatendresult.InordertounderstandhowJITworksacommonvocabularyneedstobeestablishedfromwhichtofurtherdiscussthetopicandgaininsightintowhysomanyfirmshaveadoptedit.Aspreviouslystated,oneof

5、thekeycomponentsofJITistoreducewasteandaddvalue.Thereareseveralactivitiesthatacompanymustmonitorastargetsforreducingwaste.Amongtheseare,excessivewastetimes,inflatedinventories,unneededpeopleormaterialmovement,unnecessaryprocessingsteps,numerousvariabilitiest

6、hroughoutafirm'sactivitiesandanyothernon-valueaddingactivity.AkeyexampleofthisisanewplantthatCaterpillarisbringingon-lineinthenearfuture.Byreducingthenumberoftimesabuckethadtoberepositionedwhileitwasbeingwelded,Caterpillarwasabletoreducetheamountoftimethebuc

7、ketspentintheweldingline,reducelaborcostsbylimitingidletimeattheweldingstationandincreasetheefficiencyoftheentiremanufacturingprocess.ThelayoutandinventoriesthatarepartofaJITstrategymayseemthemostlogicalstepstoreducewasteandincreasevalue.Bysimplyredeveloping

8、thelayoutofcertainfacilitiesafirmcanreducethetimeittakesforsuppliestogettothenextstepinprocessandcutcostsassociatedwiththatmovement.Onewaytodothisistohave7work-in-progressclosetothenextstationin