目标管理797[全文]

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1、目标管理WhatIsObjectives目标冃标是期望的成果（个人部门整个组织的努力方向）企业目标：在分析企业内外部环境的基础上，确定的各项经济活动的发展方向和奋斗目的,是企业经营思想的具体化。Charactersofobjectives指导性（组织经营思想的集中体现）多重性层次性变动性激励性PeterDrucker：企业冃标唯一冇效的就是创造顾客。对一些大型公司宣称目标的调查结果CharacteristicsofWell-DesignedGoalsWrittenintermsofoutcomes,nota

2、ctionsFocusesontheends,notthemeanslx/a>・MeasurableandquantifiableSpec讦icallydefineshowtheoutcomeistobemeasuredandhowmuchisexpected・ClearastotimeframeHowlongbeforemeasuringaccomplishment.ChallengingbutattainableLowgoalsdonotmotivate・Highgoalsmotivateiftheycan

3、beachieved・WrittendownFocuses,defines,andmakesgoalvisible・CommunicatedtoallPutseverybody"onthesamepage/Principlesofgoalsmaking现实性原则、关键性原则、定量化原则、协调性原则、权变性原则传统的目标设定法TraditionalObjectiveSettingTraditionalGoalSetting目标由最高管理层确定然后分解成子目标落实到组织的各个层次上假定高层管理者最了解（应设立什么样

4、的目标）目标倾向于上面的指挥、引导和控制目标丧失了清晰性和一致性，因为低层次的管理者试图诂在自己的立场上理解和定义目标Broadgoalsaresetatthetopoftheorganization.Goalsarethenbrokenintosubgoalsforeachorganizationallevel.Assumesthattopmanagementknowsbestbecausetheycanseethe"bigpicture/'Goalsareintendedtodirect,guide,and

5、constrainfromabove・Goalsloseclarityandfocusaslower-levelmanagersattempttointerpretanddefinethegoalsfortheirareasofresponsibility・StiphenRobbins传统的目标设定(Cont,d)TraditionalObjectiveSettingTopmanagement/sobjective1Divisionmanagement'sobjective2Departmentmanageme

6、nt/sobjective3Individualemployee'sobjective4Weneedtoimprovethecompany”sperformanee我们需要改进绩效■增加收益、降低成本、提升效率Iwanttoseeasign讦icantimprovementinthisdivisiorVsprofits希望看见我的事业部利润显箸增长(收益/成本)Increaseprofits,regardlessofthemeans增加利润(不管用什么方法)Don'tworryaboutquality:just

7、workfast别管质量、只管快干、多拿奖金缺点・目标在分解过程屮丧失了应有的清晰性和一致性目标管理目标设定法MBOGoalSettingManagementByObjectives(MBO)下级与上司共同决定具体的绩效冃标Spec讦icperformaneegoalsarejointlydeterminedbyemployeesandmanagers.定期检查完成目标的进展情况Progresstowardaccomplishinggoalsisperiodicallyreviewed・根据冃标完成情况确定奖励

8、Rewardsareallocatedonthebasisofprogresstowardsthegoals.KeyelementsofMBO:明确目标、参与决策、规定期限、绩效反馈(Goalspecificity,participativedecisionmaking,anexplicitperformance/evaluationperiod,feedback)目标管理Manage