劳动力资源对进出口竞争的影响：以纺织业为例【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文LABORMARKETEFFECTSOFIMPORTCOMPETITON:THEORYANDEVIDENCEFROMTHETEXITILEANDAPPARELINDUSTRIESMaterialSource:AtlanticEconomicJournalAuthor:BENS.SHIPPENAbstract:Sincetheearly1980s,muchattentionhasbeengiventothepossibilityoftrade-relatedjoblossesandwageeffectsinthetextile

2、andapparelindustries.ThispaperusesaggregatetimeseriesdatafromtheAnnualSurveyofManufacturers(BartlesmanandGray,1996)withimportpricedatafromtheBureauofLaborStatistics(Alterman,1991)for1977-91totesttheeffectofimportsonemploymentandwagesintextilesandapparel.Theoreticalmodels

3、suggestthatimportcompetitionshouldbeafactorinthedeterminationofemployment,andpossiblywages,regardlessofwhetherthecountryisrepresentedasaprice-setterorprice-taker.Theempiricalanalysisprovidessomesupport.Keywords:LabormarketImportcompetitionWageTextileindustryIntroductionT

4、hereiswidespreadspeculationthatinternationaltradehasalargenegativeeffectonemploymentandwagesespeciallyinlowwagesectorswhereforeignlaborcostsareparticularlylow.Sincetheearly1980s,muchattentionhasbeengiventothepossibilityofdisplaceddomesticlaborandwagelossesinthetextileand

5、apparelindustries.Historically,textilesandapparelhavebeenimportantindustriesintheU.S.economy,intermsofbothoutputandemployment.Asrecentlyas1973,theyemployed2.3millionworkersormorethan11percentofthetotalnumberofworkersinmanufacturing.By1993however,employmenthaddeclinedtoab

6、out1.6millionworkersand8.3percentofmanufacturing--adeclineofmorethan30percent.Realwagesforbothindustriesremainwellbelowthemanufacturingaverage.In1993theaverageapparelwagewas41percentless,andtheaveragetextilewagewas26percentlessthanaveragewagesinothermanufacturingindustri

7、es.Apopularexplanationforemploymentdeclinesandlowwagesisthepresenceofimportcompetition.Thepurposeofthispaperistolookatthispopularnotionbytestingtheeffectofimportsonemploymentandwagesintextilesandapparelwithaggregatetimeseriesdata.Suchanexaminationisabsentinliterature.Thi

8、spaperisorganizedasfollows.First,atheoreticalmodeloftextileandapparelsupplyanddemandispresentedtoexplai