外商直接投资和产业重组：以台湾纺织业为例【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文ForeignDirectInvestmentandIndustrialRestructuring:TheCaseofTaiwan’sTextileIndustryMaterialSource:http://www.nber.org/chapters/c8504Author:Tain-JyChen,Ying-huaKu11.2ForeignDirectInvestmentandtheRestructuringofTaiwan’sTextileIndustryBefore1980,thetextileindus

2、trywasTaiwan’slargestmanufacturingindustryandlargestexportsector.Startinginthemid-1980s,risingwagesmadelabor-intensiveoperationsinthetextileindustryuncompetitive,andmanytextilefirmsrespondedbyundertakingFDIinlowerwagecountries.FDIsetoffarestructuringprocessthatha

3、scompletelyreshapedthetextileindustry.Productionshiftedfromgarmentstofabricsandtextilefiberswiththemethodofproductionbecomingmorecapitalintensiveandthevalueaddedgenerallyincreasing.TherehasbeenextensiveturnoveramongindividualfirmssinceFDIbegan,andthesurvivingfirm

4、shaverecomposedtheirproductlinestocopewiththenewclimateofcompetition.ThisexperiencemakesthetextileindustryaperfectcaseforthestudyoftherelationbetweenFDIandindustrialrestructuring.FDIinthetextileindustrystartedwithgarmentfirmsthatrelocatedtonearbySoutheastAsiancou

5、ntriesandChinawiththesimpleaimofsalvagingtheirexportmarkets.Afteramassiverelocationofgarmentoperations,fabricmanufacturersfounditdifficulttoserviceoverseasmarketsfromTaiwan.SomedecidedtomakeFDIintheclustersofgarmentoperationsinSoutheastAsiaandChinainordertobetter

6、servetheiroldcustomersortoexplorenewpatronsinthesamelocations.FDIbyfabricmanufacturersbroughtwithitthedyeingandfinishingoperatorsthatcreatethetexturesandcolorsdistinctiveoftheTaiwaneseindustry.Whenthelocalfabricindustryreachedacertainlevelofoutput,spinningoperato

7、rsfromTaiwanalsostartedtoappear.Spinningoperationsaremorecapitalintensivethanweavingandgarmentoperations.UnlikeFDIinweavingandgarments,wherealargenumberofsmallinvestorscongregatedinthesamelocations,FDIinspinningwasundertakenbyasmallnumberofrelativelylargefirms,sc

8、atteredthroughoutdifferentcountries.Eachwastoserveaclusteroflocalweavingandgarmentfirms.Finally,fiberproducersfromTaiwanalsojoinedtheseclusterstocaptheagglomer