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1、外文翻译原文OUTSOURCINGVERSUSFDIININDUSTRYEQUILIBRIUMMaterialSource:NBERWorkingPaperNo.W9300Author:GeneM.GrossmanAbstractWestudythedeterminantsoftheextentofoutsourcingandofdirectforeigninvestmentinanindustryinwhichproducersneedspecializedcomponents.Potentialsuppliersmustmakearelationship-spec
2、ificinvestmentinordertoserveeachprospectivecustomer.Suchinvestmentsaregovernedbyimperfectcontracts.Afinal-goodproducercanmanufacturecomponentsforitself,buttheper-unitcostishigherthanforspecializedsuppliers.Weconsiderhowthesizeofthecostdifferential,theextentofcontractualincompleteness,th
3、esizeoftheindustry,andtherelativewagerateaffecttheorganizationofindustryproduction.（JEL:F12，F23，F23，D23）1.IntroductionInternationaloutsourcingandFDI(foreigndirectinvestment)havebeengrowingaroundtheglobe.Firmsoutsourceanexpandingrangeofactivities,suchastheproductionofintermediateinputsan
4、dafter-saleservices.Audet(1996),CampaandGoldberg(1997),Feenstra(1998),Hummelsetal.(2001)andYeats(2001)havedocumentedthisphenomenon.Firmsalsoexpandforeigndirectinvestment.AlthoughthedebateonwhethermostFDIishorizontalorverticalhasnotbeensettled,itisevidentthattheproductionofinputsisanimpo
5、rtantactivityofforeignsubsidiaries,andthatthisactivityhasbeengrowingfast.Hanson,Mataloni,Jr.,andSlaughter(2001)provideevidenceofthisexpansionforU.S.basedfirms.Agrowingliteratureisattemptingtoclarifythesourcesofthesetrends.TraditionalmodelsofinternationaltradehavebeenmodifiedbyJones(2000
6、)todealwithtradeinintermediateinputs,whileGrossmanandHelpman(2002a)havedevelopedamodelofmonopolisticcompetitioninwhichinternationaloutsourcingofinputscompeteswithdomesticoutsourcing.Theseareexamplesofamoregeneraltrendtodevelopanunderstandingoftheorganizationofproduction,whichincludesthe
7、workofAghionandTirole(1995),MarinandVerdier(2001),GrossmanandHelpman(2002b),andPugaandTrefler(2002).InthispaperwecombineelementsfromGrossmanandHelpman(2002a,b)inordertoshedlightonthetrade-offbetweenFDIandinternationaloutsourcing.Afirmthatproducesafinalconsumerproductcanproducei
