国际生产布局中的中国来自ICT行业的证据【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文Chinaintheinternationalfragmentationofproduction:EvidencefromtheICTindustryMaterialSource:TheEuropeanJournalofComparativeEconomicsAuthor:AlessiaAmighini2.Processingtradeandindustrialupgrading.Theideaofinternationaltradeasatransmissionmechanismthatlinksacountry'sproductivitygainstoeconomicdev

2、elopmentinitstradepartnershasbeenfirstlyputforwardbythenewtheoryofeconomicgrowth(seeGrossmanandHelpman,1994)forareview).Theframeworkforthispaperisbasedonalineofsuchresearchthatexploredtherelationshipbetweentradepatternsandindustrialupgrading.Afirstdirectionofresearchincludestheoreticalstudiesshowi

3、ngthatahigheraggregatetradevolumeisassumedtohaveapositiveeffectonproductivitygrowthasitspursinnovationandimitation(seeGrossmanandHelpman,1991asabenchmarkandHelpman,1992).Atasectorallevel,thereissomeempiricalevidencethattradeopennessenhancesproductivitygainsandindustrialcatching-upintechnology-inte

4、nsiveindustries(Stehrerand,Worz2003).Ontheonehand,opennessontheexportsideisconducivetoinnovationtotheextentthatexport-orientedproductionhastomaintaincompetitivenessonworldmarkets.Ontheimportside,ahighimportpenetrationwithinthesameindustryisfoundtohavepositivespilloversonproductivitycatching-up.Ove

5、rall,thereisevidenceofpositiveintra-industryspilloversofspecializationinhightechindustries.Aseconddirectionofresearchincludestheoreticalandempiricalstudiesfocussingonthehypothesisthattechnologycatching-upisnotindependentfromtradespecialization.StehrerandWorz(2003)recentlytackledthisissueinanempiri

6、calstudyexploringthehypothesisthatthelong-termpositionofacountrymaydependonitsinitialpatternof　productionspecialization.Thereasonforthisisthattechnologyspilloversmayoccurmainlyoratleastareassumedtobestronger111withinoneindustrythanacrossindustries,duetolearningprocessesandintra-industrylinkages.Th

7、eyfindthattheexperienceofEastAsiawouldrepresentacaseofcountriesstartingoffatthelowerendofhigh-techindustries(i.e.producinglesssophisticatedconsumergoodsorassemblinghigh-techimportedinputs)andthenstartingmanufactu