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1、纳米材料与纳米科技13thMay,2009纳米1.什么是纳米科学？2.纳米材料及其特性3.纳米技术的应用WhatisNanometer?Ananometerisaboutthewidthofsixbondedcarbonatoms,andapproximately40,000areneededtoequalthewidthofanaveragehumanhair. DNA(width)is2nm Proteinsrangefrom5to50nm Virusesrangefrom75to100nmAvirusis~100nmRedb
2、loodcellsare~7,000nmindiameter,and~2000nminheightWhitebloodcellsare~10,000nmindiameter Bacteriarangefrom1,000to10,000nmAhydrogenatomis0.1nm Fullerenes(C60/Buckyballs)are~1nm QuantumDots(ofCdSe)are8-50nmDendrimersare~10nmNanoparticlesrangefrom1to100nmImportance“Onenanom
3、eterisamagicalpointonthedimensionalscale.Nanostructuresareattheconfluenceofthesmallestofthehuman-madedevicesandthelargestmoleculesoflivingthings.Nanoscalescienceandengineeringhererefertothefundamentalunderstandingandresultingtechnologicaladvancesarisingfromtheexploitat
4、ionofnewphysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertiesofsystemsthatareintermediateinsize,betweenisolatedatomsandmoleculesandbulkmaterials,wherethetransitionalpropertiesbetweenthetwolimitscanbecontrolled.”M.C.Roco(NationalScienceFoundation),2001.There‘sPlentyofRoomattheBottom
5、——byRichardP.FeynmanDecember29th1959１９５９年，诺贝尔奖获得者、理论物理学家—理查得·费因曼教授在加州理工大学发表了题为《在底部还有很大空间》的演讲。在费因曼看来，人类社会目前的生产方式，总是“从上而下(top-downManufacturing)”的，他提出：为什么我们不可以从单个分子、甚至原子开始出发进行组装(bottom-upmanufacturing)，达到我们的要求？……物理学的规律不排除一个原子一个原子制造物品的可能。”（纳米科学的开山之作）Nanoscience–Studyoffun
6、damentalprinciplesofmoleculesandstructureswithatleastonedimensionroughlybetween1and100nm.Nanotechnology-sometimesshortenedtonanotech,referstoafieldofappliedsciencewhosethemeisthecontrolofmatteronanatomicandmolecularscale.Generallynanotechnologydealswithstructures100nan
7、ometersorsmaller,andinvolvesdevelopingmaterialsordeviceswithinthatsize.Nanostructures–Smallestsolidthingsitispossibletomake.7“Nanotechnologyislikelytobeparticularlyimportantinthedevelopingworld,becauseitinvolveslittlelabour,landormaintenance;itishighlyproductiveandinex
8、pensive;anditrequiresonlymodestamountsofmaterialsandenergy”UNMillenniumProject.“Nanoscienceandtechnologywillchangethe
