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1、外文翻译原文LifeisaponzischemeMaterialSource:MaterialSource:GenomeBiology2009,Volume10,Issue1,Article101;BrandeisUniversity,Waltham,MA02454-9110Author:GregoryAPetskoUnlessyou'vespentthelastmonthonaspacecraftreturningfromMars,you'veprobablyheardofBernardMadoff,theAmericanfinancie
2、rwhostandsaccusedofperpetratingwhatmaybethegreatestinvestmentfraudinhistory.EstimatesoftheamountofmoneylostbyinvestorsintheinvestmentfundmanagedbyMadoff,aformerchairmanoftheNASDAQStockMarket,rangeuptoUS$50billion.OneofMadoff'sbiggestinvestors,Ren-ThierrMagondelaVillehuchet
3、,committedsuicideon23December2008followingthedisclosureofthescheme.Villehuchetisthoughttohavelostasmuchas$1.4billioninMadoff'sfund.Anumberofcharitablefoundations,severalofwhichprovidefundingfordisease-relatedbiomedicalresearch,losthugepercentagesoftheirendowments.Severalun
4、iversitieshavebeensignificantlyharmedaswell,sinceeithersomeoftheirownmoneyorthesavingsofsomeoftheirbiggestregulardonorsturnedouttohavebeeninvestedwithMadoff.TheparticulartypeofcongamethatBernardMadoffpracticedissurprisinglysimpleforsomeonewhosewebofdeceitappearstohavebeens
5、otangled.It'scalledaPonzischeme.ThefraudtakesitsnamefromCharlesPonzi,whowasoneofthegreatestswindlersinhistory.BornCarloPonziin1882inParma,Italy,heemigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1903.Afterworkingataseriesoflow-payingjobsforseveralyears,hemovedtoMontrealin1907andbecameanassista
6、ntinabankthathadbeensetuptoservetheneedsofItalianimmigrantstoCanada.Thebankeventuallyfailedbecauseofbadreal-estateloans-soundsfamiliar?-butPonzistayedoninCanadawhereeventuallyhewasjailedforthreeyearsforcheckforgery.Onhisreleasein1911hejoinedaschemetosmuggleillegalaliensacr
7、ossthebordertotheUnitedStates,wascaught,andservedafurthertwoyearsinprison,thistimeinAtlanta,Georgia.TherehemetCharlesWMorse,afinancierwhohadbeenconvictedofviolatingfederalbankinglaws.MorsebecameasortofgurutoPonzi,whobegantoseethepossibilitiesinwhite-collarcrime.Afterhisrel
8、ease,PonzimadehiswaytoBoston,Massachusetts,wherehesetuptheinvestmentschemethatwastomakehi
