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1、外文翻译原文PortcompetitionbetweenShanghaiandNingboMaterialsource：SchoolofMarineScienceandTechnology,UniversityofNewcastleuponTyne,UKAuthor：KEVINCULLINANETheobjectiveofthispaperistoanalysetherelativecompetitivenessoftheneighbouringcontainerportsofShanghaiandNingboinChinaandtodevelopaviewofthelikely
2、futureoutcomeofthecompetitionbetweenthem.Afterassessingthedemandfortheirserviceswithinwhatishypothesizedasasharedhinterland,currentsupplyandfutureexpansionplansaredetailedandconsideredwithinthetwoports’widerdevelopmentstrategies.Therelativecompetitivenessofthetwoportsisthenevaluatedonthebasis
3、ofpriceandqualityofservice,asembodiedwithintheconceptofgeneralizedcostasincurredbycustomers.Acriticalpoliticaldimensionisanecessaryelementofthisanalysis.Itisconcludedthatcontinuedeconomicdevelopmentinthehinterland,centralgovernmentpoliciesonregionaldevelopmentandChina’saccessiontotheWorldTrad
4、eOrganization(WTO)willallcontributetogrowingdemandforportservices.However,Ningbowillcontinuetogaingreatermarketshareastheresultofadvantagesinitsnaturalendowments(particularlydepthofwater),price(especiallyintermsofrecoveringthecostofcapacityexpansions)andqualityofserviceimprovementsthatarepred
5、ictedtoemergeastheresultofcurrentlyplannedenhancementstoinlandtransportinfrastructureandlogisticalsystems.1.IntroductionChineseportshandledaworldrecord58millionTEUin2004,anincreaseof10million(20.8%)overthepreviousyear[1].Vastportexpansionschemesareplannedineverycoastalprovinceandmunicipalgove
6、rnmentsareinheatedcompetitionforcentralgovernmentapprovalandforeigndirectinvestment(FDI).Ascanbeseeninfigure1,therearethreemainregionswhere,ostensibly,intenseinternecinecompetitionexistsbetweenportsinmainlandChina.Thisanalysis,however,focusesonmainlandChina’scentraleasternseaboard.Insodoing,t
7、hereareonlyreallytwoportsthatmeritseriousconsideration;ShanghaiandNingbo[2–4].Injustificationofthisassertion,in2002totalcontainerthroughputforalltheportsintheregionwasapproximately11,630,000TEU,withShanghaiandNingbotogetheraccountingformoreth
