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1、Events20,000chestsofOpiumseizedbyChineseBattleatChinkiangBritishandAmericansailorskillachinamanBritishcaptureBoguefortsBritishexpelledandtravelledtoHongKongBritishoccupiedheightsoverlookingCantonBritishrefusetogiveupculpritChinesedefeatedatNingpoandChinhaiChineseEmperorattemptstostampoutOpiumCo
2、nventionofCheunpiFailureofChinesecounter-offensiveFirstOpiumWarHMSHyacinthandVolagerepell29warjunksShanghaiwasoccupiedwithoutafightTheTreatyofNankingTheOpiumWarEarlyinthe19thcent,BritishmerchantsbegansmugglingopiumintoChinainordertobalancetheirpurchasesofteaforexporttoBritain.TheOpiumWar,alsoca
3、lledtheAnglo-ChineseWar,wasthemosthumiliatingdefeatChinaeversuffered.1839–42and1856–60,twowarsbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.ThefirstwasbetweenGreatBritainandChina.In1839,ChinaenforceditsprohibitionsontheimportationofopiumbydestroyingatGuangzhou(Canton)alargequantityofopiumconfiscatedfromBriti
4、shmerchants.GreatBritain,whichhadbeenlookingtoendChina'srestrictionsonforeigntrade,respondedbysendinggunboatstoattackseveralChinesecoastalcities.China,unabletowithstandmodernarms,wasdefeatedandforcedtosigntheTreatyofNanjing(1842).TheseprovidedthattheportsofGuangzhou,Jinmen,Fuzhou,Ningbo,andShan
5、ghaishouldbeopentoBritishtradeandresidence;inadditionHongKongwascededtotheBritish.In1856asecondwarbrokeoutfollowinganallegedlyillegalChinesesearchofaBritish-registeredship,theArrow,inGuangzhou.BritishandFrenchtroopstookGuangzhouandTianjinandcompelledtheChinesetoacceptthetreatiesofTianjin(1858),
6、towhichFrance,Russia,andtheUnitedStateswerealsoparty.LinTse-hsDeeplyconcernedabouttheopiummenace,LinTse-hsmaneuverdhimselfintobeingappointedImperialCommissioneratCantontocutofftheopiumtradeatitssourcebyrootingoutcorruptofficialsandcrackingdownonBritishtradeinthedrug.Therewasasensationaleventcom
7、mondedbyhim:BurningofOpiumStocksinHumen(beach).Ofalltheimperialofficials,however,LinwasthefirsttorealizethemomentuouslessonoftheOpiumWar.HewascalledthefirstpersonwhoopenedeyestoseetheworldinChinesehistory.Onthewebsite,thereisaMemo
