The UK general election英国大选制度

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1、TheUKgeneralelection1.DevelopmentoftheBritishElectoralSystem2.Eligibility3.Electoralmethods4.ElectoralprocessDevelopmentoftheBritishElectoralSystem1215MagnaCarte25committeesupervise1295EdwardⅠnobleknightcitizencongress1343HouseofLords:nobleclass（drec）LowerHouse:citizens（inderc）The

2、Tudors:1.WarsoftheRoses2.Tyrannical3.SpecialPrivilege※Limitation→TooltoRule1647、1649armylevellers:1.Reform2.Cancel3.GeneralElection&parliment4.annualObjected1688GloriourRevolutionsenatordirectlyfreelychosenrepresentatives18Cm-19CtheIndustrialRevolutionnewclassesfightforuniveralsuf

3、frage1830theBourgeoisieclassWhig↓1832parliamentreform1.law:①redistributionseats②lowerthepropertyqualifications③expandthenumberofvoters1867redistributionseats↓Labouraristocracyvote1872votepublic→secret1883thebanningofelectionfraudmethod:costlimittedPunishments1884unifythestandersbe

4、tweenc&r↓Workerincitiesvote1885reformregiondivide（population）Q:1.Righttovotewomen2.Limitationsincomesresidence3.EqualsuffrageSolvedAftertheWorldWarⅡ1918People'sCongressElectionLaw①male:21female:30②lowerlimitationsresidenceincoms③equalregions1926limitationresidence6months→3months19

5、28male=femalerighttovote1948People'sCongressElectionLaw1969People'sCongressElectionLaw↓18(12months)righttovote①abolish②onepersononevoteDefinationofElectionpoliticalrightscitizensvoterepresentativesnationalpublicpowerwillingsinterestsgovernWarsoftheRoses(HenryⅥ-Shakespeare)theLanc

6、asterstheYorksHenryⅦElizabethEndofthewartheTudorsend:midagebegin:Renaissanceroyalheraldry:EdwardⅢFIGHTEligibilityvoterscandidaturesVOTERScandidaturesElectoralmethodsDirectelectoralsystemAdvandage-highdegreeoftransparency-reflectthewillofconstituentsdirectlyPrincipleofvoting-volunt

7、eer-redistrictingconstituency选区划分方法Electoralmethodscountingvotes选票统计的方法territoryconstituencyredistrictingpopulationthenumberofsenatorsThesmallselectionareasystem(小选举区制）Thecandidatewithasimplepluralitywillwintheseat.多数代表制相对绝对countingvotes（First-past-the-postelectionsystem简单多数选举制）Pr

8、oportionalrepresentationmajorityr