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1、BilingualismfortheMinorortheMajor?AnEvaluativeAnalysisofParallelConceptionsinChinaAnweiFengSchoolofEducation,UniversityofDurham,Durham,UKThispaperisananalysisoftwoconceptionsofbilingualismthatexistinparallelinChina.Oneistraditionalbilingualismreferringtotheuseofanativ
2、eminoritylanguageandstandardChinesebyminoritygroupsandtheother,seenasbilingualismwithmoderncharacteristics,isamodern-dayphenomenoninwhichthemajorityHangroupaspiretoproducebilingualswithastrongcompetenceinmothertongueChineseandaforeignlanguage,primarilyEnglish,byusingC
3、hineseandtheforeignlanguageasmediumsofinstructioninteachingschoolsubjects.ThefocusoftheanalysisisonthelatterforthesimplereasonthatcurrentliteratureonthenewphenomenonismostlyavailableonlyinChinese.Anequallyimportantaimofthispaperistoexploretheimpactofthenewphenomenonon
4、minorityeducationandtoexaminethereasonwhythisimpactislargelyignoredinbilingualismdiscussions,despiteobviousconsequenceswithrespecttoethnicidentity,person-alitydevelopmentandacademicperformanceofminoritystudents.Thus,thetraditionalconceptionisbrieflyreviewedatthestart.
5、Keywords:additivebilingualism,favourpolicies,linguisticfusionism,minorityeducation,partialimmersion,superiorinferiormentalityIntroductionInitshistoryunderthecommunistgovernmentsince1949,Chinahasengagedits50orsominoritygroupsinbilingualeducationwiththeofficialaimofpro
6、ducingbilingualswithastrongcompetenceinPutonghuaorstandardChinese(ChinesespokenbythemajorityHannationality)sothattheycancommunicatewithandassimilateintomainstreamsocietyandculturewhileatthesametimemaintainingtheirindigenouslanguagesandcultures.Bilingualismbythisdefini
7、tionthereforehasalongassociationwithminoritygroupsandbilingualeducationhasundergonetrials,hardshipsandrevivalinresponsetothepoliticalrealitiesofthecountry.TotheHanmajoritygroupthatcomprisesabout92%ofthetotalpopulation,however,bilingualism1waslargelyaremotenotionandith
8、ardly,ifever,appearedintheirliteratureofeducation.Inthelastfewyears,thissituationhasdrasticallychanged.Bilingualismiswidelys
