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1、2019-2020年高二上学期第13周英语周练含答案第一节：阅读理解（每题2.5分，共10分）Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesand appliesphysics,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicaloranyotherscience?Weallknowthat scienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however
2、, thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplication ofthemachinesandproductsthatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Newdrugs,fasterandsafer meansoftransport,newsystemsofappliedknowledgearesomeexamplesofthisaspectofscience.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationofth
3、especialmethodsofthoughtandactionthat scientistsuseintheirwork. Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessful scientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusually directshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactorye
4、xplanation,and hiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobe unconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditions,whetherofpureorapplied knowledge,andenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectivea
5、ndappliespersistentandlogical thoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heusesthefactsheobservestothefullextent.Forexample, trainedobserversacquireaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromthe accurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhichar
6、enotbasedonthemostplete evidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknows thatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturb objectiveinvestigation.Lastly,heis
7、highlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindata,whichare notonlyplexbutalsofrequentlyinplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewants tomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortec
