Unit4词义及词的理据

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1、ChapterIV.wordmeaningMaincontents/focus:1.Viewsonwordmeaning2.motivationaimsoflearningwordmeaning1.facilitatetheunderstandingofEnglishwordmeaning2.haveacognitiveunderstandingofEnglishwordmeaningViewsonwordmeaning1.thereferentialtheory指称论Platomeaning→object/behavior/qualitystone/stand

2、/greyWordsaresymbol/nameoftheobjectiveworld.Thereferentialtheoryregardstheactionofputtingwordsintorelationshipwiththeworldismeaning.Thebasicpremiseisthatwecangivethemeaningofwordsandsentencesbyshowinghowtheyrelatetosituations.ReferentialtheoryThereferentialtheorylinguisticexpressionsth

3、ings&situationsAdirectrelationshipbetweenexpressions(words,sentences)andthingsintheworld.Thisisarealistview.ProblemsofreferenceasatheoryofMeaning:1.Onthereferencetheoryofmeaning,thelexemehasasmanydifferentmeaningsasithasdifferentreferents.2.Itiseasytounderstandfornounsreferringtodiscre

4、te,concretethings.(Whatabout“generosity”,“sweet”,“of”?)3.Asinglereferentmayoftenbereferredtobyavarietyofdifferentexpressions.theteacher,myneighbor,Alice’shusband(thesameperson)themorningstarvs.theeveningstarthemorningstarvs.theeveningstardifferentsense:清晨出来的星星differentsense:傍晚出来的星星thes

5、amereferentDowehavea“mentalpicture”ofthings?Butnoteverybodyhasthesamepicture…Sohowdoweunderstandeachother?dogWhat’syourpictureofDOG????dog3.BehavioristTheory行为反应说主要观点:意义是某话语产生的刺激,或对某话语的反应,或者是刺激和反应的结合。思想源头或代表人物:美国语言学家布龙菲尔德《语言论》(Bloomfield1933)Sr………sRS:actualstimulus/speaker’ssituationr:

6、linguisticresponses:linguisticstimulusR:actualresponse/hearer’sresponseSr………sRJackandJillarewalkingonatrail.Jillishungryandseesapplesonatree.(S)ShesaystoJack,“Iliketoeatanapple.”(r)Hearingthewords,(s)Jackclimbsonthetreeandgetsdownanappleforher.(R)Bloomfield认为:意义是说话人发出语言形式时所处的情景和这个形式在听话

7、人那儿引起的反应。(Bloomfield1933;张志毅2001:144)Anotherwayoutofthecircleistoidentifymeaningswithconcepts.Therepresentationalapproacharguesthatourabilitytotalkabouttheworlddependsonourmentalmodelsofit.Theemphasisisonthewaythatourreportsaboutrealityareinfluencedbytheconceptualstructuresconvention