旅游开发与管理课件 8

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1、Chapter8Financingvisitorattractionprojects8.1introductionThewaysTheissuessurroundingthefinancingofattractionprojects8.2Thepurposesforwhichcapitalfundingisrequired购置或租用场地建造新建筑物或改造新建筑物的费用景区开发前的前期费用景区基础设施的建设和修缮支付工资等景区服务设施的建设和完善营销活动……8.3SourcesoffundingThrees

2、ources:public,privateandvoluntarysectors.Twoforms:DirectfinancialcontributionsIndirectfinancial‘helpinkind’8.3.1Directfunding:privatesectorOverdrafts透支Loans：short,mediumandlongterm贷款：短期、中期和长期Commercialmortgages商业抵押Venturecapital风险资本投入Equity股票转让Businessexp

3、ansionscheme商业扩张方案8.3.2Directfunding:publicsectorEuropeanCommission欧洲委员会Centralgovernment中央政府Localgovernment地方政府8.3.3Directfunding:voluntarysectorSomevoluntarytrusts一些信托基金Voluntarybodies志愿性团体本身8.3.4Indirectfunding:privatesectorLeasing租赁Hirepurchase分期付款Sal

4、eandleaseback出售回租Concessionsandfranchises特许使用权和特许经营权Sponsorship赞助8.3.5Indirectfunding:publicsector免费或以低于市场的价格，有时以分享企业股份的方式，提供土地和建筑物对耗用资本提供免税期和免税额提供昂贵的基础设施进口原材料的关税减免通过由公共部门投资的在职培训计划来培训可用的劳动力8.3.6Indirectfunding:voluntarysectorThroughtheprovisionofvoluntary

5、labour.Volunteersareveryimportant.8.4AttractingexternalfundingBusinessplans:designedtodemonstratetopotentialfundersthattheproposedprojectisfinanciallyviableandthedevelopersareagoodriskandtheattractionwillbeprofessionallymanaged.为了向潜在的投资商表明，所提出的项目在财政上是可行的，

6、同时开发商是不会有太大风险的，景区也会由专业人士进行管理Financialforecastsandprojections:Thefinancialforecastsandprojectionsisthecoreofthebusinessplan.财政预测与规划是商业计划的核心8.4.3CashflowprojectionsandmanagementItisthereforeusualforattractionstoprojecttheirincomeandexpenditureatleastonamont

7、hbymonthbasistoallowthemtoseewherecashproblemsmayoccur.8.4.4SensitivityanalysisChangesaffectingdemandChangesaffectingtheoperatingcostsoftheattraction8.4.5ProjectevaluationandinvestmentappraisalThreemethods:ReturnoncapitalemployedPaybackperiodDiscountedcas

8、hflow8.5TheproblemsofattractingprivatesectorfinanceforattractionprojectAttractionprojectsareseentobeahigh-riskinvestmentBecauseoftherapidchangesinconsumerpreferencesandtheresultingshorteningoftheattractionproductlif