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1、Chapter1IntroductiontoNCSystemsNCmachines,beingtypicalmechatronicsproducts,comprisemachinetoolsthathaveamechanicalcomponentandanumericalcontrolsystemthatisanelectricalcomponent.Inthischapter,thehistory,theconstituentunits,thefunctions,andfuturedirectionsofNCsystems,beingtheintelligenceofNCmachines,
2、willbeaddressed.Throughstudyingthischapter,youwillobtainacomprehensiveunderstandingandfundamentalknowledgeaboutNCsystems.1.1IntroductionThemachinetooliscalled“mothermachine”inthesensethatitisamachinethatmakesmachines.Inparticular,asmachinetoolshaveadvancedfrommanualmachinetoolstoNCmachines,thesehav
3、ebecomeperfectintheroleofmothermachineswiththeimprovementofaccuracyandmachiningspeed.NCmachinetoolscanbeclassifiedas“cuttingmachines”and“non-cuttingma-chines”.Acuttingmachinemeansamachinethatperformsaremovalprocesstomakeafinishedpart;millingmachines,turningmachinesandEDMmachinesbeinggoodexamples.Non-
4、cuttingmachinetoolschangetheshapeoftheblankmaterialbyapplyingforceandpressmachinesaregoodexamplesofthis.Inaddition,robotsys-tems(Fig.1.1a)forwelding,cutting,andpaintingcanbeincludedinabroadsense.WhenNCmachinesweredeveloped,thepurposeoftheNCmachinewastoma-chinepartswithcomplexshapeinaprecisemanner.T
5、herefore,thenumericalcon-trollerwasprimarilyappliedtomillingmachines(Fig.1.1b)andboringmachines.However,recentlyithasbecomepopulartoapplyNCforincreasedproductivityandthekindsofmachinewithNChavebeenvariedtoincludemachinessuchasturningmachines(Fig.1.1c),machiningcenters(Fig.1.1d),anddrill/tappingmach
6、ines.Par-ticularly,theapplicationofNChasextendedtonon-conventionalmachinetoolssuchaswireelectro-dischargemachines(Fig.1.1e)andlasercuttingmachinesinadditiontoconventionalmetal-cuttingmachines.341IntroductiontoNCSystemsAlso,asfactoryautomationhasprogressed,NCmachinetechnologyhasalsopro-gressedtoallo
7、wconstructionofFlexibleAutomation(FA)orFlexibleManufacturingSystems(FMS)(Fig.1.1f)byconnectingmachineswithproductionequipmentsuchasrobots,AutonomousGuidedVehicles(AGV),automatedwarehousesandcomput-ers.NCsys