国际商法英文笔记

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1、Lesson1I.ObligationandcontractA.DefinitionAnobligationisalegallinkbetweentwopersons :accordingtoonebecomesthedebtorandacreditor.Therearetwokindsofobligations:-Abindingobligation:somethingyouneedtocomplywith-Anon-bindingobligation:youmayfinishthecontractwithoutanyconsequences.Al

2、lcontracts(legalrelationship)arebasedonthefreewill.Obligationareanundertakingtogiveortonotgive,todoortodonotdo.Contractisalegalact,whichmaterialisedtheexchangeoftwoconsents.Thefirstthingyouhavetodoistocheckbythelegalregime,whichisapplicable:isittheChineseortheFrenchlaw.Youhavet

3、owonderwhatthedateofeffectivenessofthecontract.Acontractcanbematerialisedbyanymeans:oral,emails.Everythingisamatterofevidenceinacontractualrelationship.Theconsentshouldbeclearwithoutanyreserveorwithoutanyconditions.Ifyouundertaketodosomethinginacontractyouarethedebtorandtheothe

4、rpartyisacreditor.Ifyouhaveseveralcreditorsitcanbecomecomplicated:iftheyarethreebuyersforyourhouse.Whoistherealcreditor?Inthiscasethecontractorscanbejointlyliablebyobligation.Forinstanceifthreepeoplebuyahouseandoneofthemisdoingarenovation:thethreecontractorsarejointlyliablebyob

5、ligation.B.DefiningtherightpartyDefiningtheproperpartyisabigissue.Forexamplewhenyouarerentingahouse,youhavetocheckwhoisthereallandlord.Relativeeffectofthecontract:contractonlybindsthepeoplewhohavesignedthecontract:theotherpeoplearecalledthirdparty.Ifyouaresigningacontractwithas

6、ubsidiaryoftheholding,whichhasnomoney:thesubsidiarymaynotbeabletorespectthecontract.IndeedacontractwithasubsidiaryCreatingacompanyinHongKongtakesoneweek.Youcanthuscreateasmallcompany(aninvestmentvehicle)inHongKongtoprotectyourinterestswithnewcontractors.Normallythirdpartieshave

7、norighttoclaimtheeffectofthecontract,exceptifyouaskthethirdpartytobeaco-contractor.Anotherpersonwhomaybeconcernbyacontractisadecedent.A.FormalismofacontractMostofthetimetheformalisationofacontractarenotcompulsory.Butmoreandmorecompaniesaskyoutosignlegalagreement.Youmustcheckift

8、hereisaformalismtothecontract.Indeedtheissueistoprovet