北京外国语大学02年语言学考研真题

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1、北京外国语大学2002年语言学考研真题考试科目：语言学和应用语言学1.Displacement,arbitrariness,culturaltransmission,discretenessanddualityaresometimeslistedasthe6corefeatureofhumanlanguage.Choose3outofthe6andexplainwithexampleswhattheymean.(12points)2.Brieflyexplainwhatphoneticsandph

2、onologyareconcernedwithandwhatkindofrelationshipsholdbetweenthetwo.(10points)3.Inderivingnewwordsviaaprefixsuchasmi-,thereseemstobesomeconstraintonwhatispermitted.Thewordsinthefirstcolumnbelowareacceptableformation,buttheformsintheothercolumnsarenot.W

3、orkoutwhattherulesmightbeformakingnewadjectiveswiththesuffixmis-(18points)MisadventuremishappymismilkMisjudgementmismealmissadMisplacemisgladmiswordMistrustfulmisrulemiscraz4.UsingwhatyouknowaboutGrice’scooperativeprincipleanditsfourmaxims,analyzethef

4、ollowingshortexchange.(20points)同事甲：小张昨晚去哪儿了？同事乙：今天早上我看见一辆白色富康停在小林家门口。5．Ineachofthefollowingsentence,thesecondpartcancelssomeinformationgivenbythefirstpart.However,thisseemstoresultinquiteutterancesingroup(1)andinveryawkwardutteranceingroup(2).Explain

5、why.(20points)Group(1)a.老张有三个小孩子，其实还不止三个。b.我只喜欢黄色和蓝色，不过试试红色也未尝不可。c.约翰的普通话说得还可以，确切地说是非常棒。Group（2）d.我特后悔选修了这门课，其实我没有选修这门课。e.她这次考试又不及格，不过她上次及格了。f.我在乡下日子过得很苦，说真的我没在乡下呆过。5.PutyourselfintothepositionofanEnglishteacherinChina.Whatareyourgoalsandthegoalsofthe

6、studentsandtheeducationalsystemintheteachingandlearningofEnglish?Whenthegoalsdonotconverge,hoedoyoureconcilethedifferencesbetweenthem?(20points)参考答案1.Culturaltransmission:thisreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspe

7、aker.Theyarenotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.Thoughthecapacityforlanguageinhumanbeingshasageneticbasis,theparticularlanguageahumanbeinglearnsisaculturalfact,notageneticone.Ahumanbeingbroughtupinisolationsimplydoesnotacquirelanguage

8、,asisshownbytherarestudiesofchildrenbroughtupbyanimalswithouthumancontact.Discreteness:adistinctivecharacteristicoflanguagethatreferstothefactthatlanguageareorganizedintermsoftwolevels.Atonelevel,languageconsistsofsequencesofsegmentsorunitswhi