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ID:44744900
大小:277.02 KB
页数:56页
时间:2019-10-27
《英汉翻译讲义》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程:1.翻译的定义和内涵:(DefinitionandConnotation)Translationisanart/science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论(influentialtranslationprinciples)严复:信达雅---faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance.The“threecharacterguide”isregardedasaplumb-lineoflongstandingtomeasuretheprofessi
2、onalleveloftranslating.傅雷:神似---spiritualconformity.Emphasizingthereproductionofthespiritoftheflavoroftheoriginal.强调原作神韵再现。钱钟书:化境---sublimedadaptation.Focusonthetranslator’ssmoothandidiomaticChineseversionforthesakeoftheChinesereader.刘重德:信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3.中国翻译史
3、上的论争:鲁迅:宁信而不顺---rathertobefaithfulthansmooth。目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信---rathertobesmooththanfaithful目的:可读性强,便于交流。4.直译与意译:直译---literaltranslation意译:freetranslation直译的例子:crocodiletears鳄鱼的眼泪;armedtotheteeth武装到牙齿;chainreaction连锁反应;gentlemen’sagreement君子协定;onecountry,twosystems一国两制;Thethreere
4、ligionsandthenineschoolsofthought三教九流;papertiger纸老虎;Breathone’slast---断气;gotoone’sexternalrest---安息;thelongsleep---长眠;seeMarx见马克思;Gowest上西天;gotoheaven上天堂;blowoutthecandles吹灯拔蜡kickthebucket蹬腿:直译不等于死译(deadtranslation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生:Womeninthestreetshouldbecalledontodosomecleaning.“Inthestree
5、t”shouldbereplacedby“inthecommunity”.56她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹:Shegotupearly,wenttothetownandsawherpublicfather.Publicfathershouldbefatherinlaw.意译的例子:Itrainscatsanddogs/atsixesandsevens/Adam’sapple句子比较:Littlefishdoesnoteatbigfish直译:小鱼不吃大鱼意译:胳膊拧不过大腿试译:天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福:直译:Stormsgatherwithoutwarningin
6、natureandbadluckbefallsmenovernight.意译:Theweatherandhumanlifearebothunpredictable有人说,翻译是带着镣铐跳舞(translationislikedancinginfetters);还有人说,翻译像女人,忠实的不漂亮,漂亮的不忠实。实际上,忠实与通顺的关系是辩证关系。5.归化与异化(domestication/adaptationorforeignization/alienation)归化的翻译在理论上是把语言看作交际工具;在实践上,强调通俗易懂,避免多义或歧义。习惯认为,当原文与译文之间因文化差
7、异而出现不能通达的情况时,“要用译语文化替代原语文化”即把在译语中找不到对等的外语词汇改头换面,或套用译语中与之相似的现成的表达法,把它们变成读者熟悉的译语文化形象。归化派代表人物尤金•奈达(EugeneA.Nida):FunctionalEquivalence功能对等Whatisfunctionalequivalence?“Thereceptorsofthetranslatedtextcouldrespondtoitwithcomprehensionandappreciationinessentiallythes
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