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1、PoliticalResponsetoCapitalistCrisis:Neo-MarxistTheoriesoftheStateandtheCaseoftheNewDealTHEDASKOCPOLDESPITEallthathasbeenobservedsinceMarx’stime,astotheoperationsofelites,bureaucracies,etc.,Marxistsgenerallyseektoreducepoliticalphenomenatotheir&dquo;real&dquo;classsignificance,andoften
2、fail,inanalysis,toallowsufficientdistancebetweentheoneandtheother.Butinfactthosemoments,inwhichgoverninginstitutionsappearasthedirect,emphatic,andunmediatedorgansofa&dquo;rulingclass&dquo;areexceedinglyrare,aswellastransient.Moreoftentheseinstitu-tionsoperatewithagooddealofautonomy,an
3、dsometimeswithdistinctinterestsoftheirown,withinageneralcontextofclasspowerwhichprescribesthelimitsbeyondwhichthisautonomycannotbesafelystretched,andwhich,verygen-erally,disclosesthequestionswhichariseforexecutivedecision.Attemptstoshort-circuitanalysisendupbyexplainingnothing.E.P.Tho
4、mpsonlThisessayusesthehistoryofNewDealpoliticsduringtheDe-pressionofthe1930sintheUnitedStatestoassessthestrengthsandlimitationsofseveralkindsofneo-Marxisttheoriesofthecapitaliststate.Onepurposeoftheessayistocomparesomealternativeneo-Marxistapproaches,askingwhichraisesthemostfruitfulqu
5、estionsandoffersthebestexplanationsofNewDealpolitics.Morebasically,theessaysketchessomeofthewaysU.S.politicalinstitutionsshapedAnearlierversionofthisarticlewaspresentedinthesessionon&dquo;PoliticalSystems&dquo;oftheseventy-fourthAnnualMeetingoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociation,Boston
6、,August1979.Ingaminghistoricalbackgroundandformulatingideasforthepaper,IespeciallybenefitedfromtheresearchassistanceofKennethFinegoldandfromindividualdiscussionswithhimandwithJonathanZeitlin.Criticalreactionsandsuggestionsforrevisions(notallofwhichIwasableorwillingtoaccept)camefromFre
7、dBlock,WilliamDomhoff,WilliamHixson,Chris-topherJencks,JohnMollenkopf,CharlesSabel,DavidStark,andErikOlinWright.1.E.P.Thompson,ThePovertyofTheoryandOtherEssays(London:MerlinPress,1978),p.48.156andlimitedtheaccomplishmentsoftheNewDealandarguesthatneo-Marxistsofallvarietieshavesofargive
8、ninsu
