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1、TheMayanCivilizationisknowntohaveexistedfromthenorthoftheMountainRangesofGuatemalaandChiapasallthewaytotheYucatanPeninsula.ElSalvadoreandBelizealsoincludedMayanCivilzation.THEBEGININGSAfteralongformativeperiod(preclasic),thatlastedaproximantlyoneandahalfmileniums,theethniclyuniformMesoa
2、mericanCulturediversifieditself.Thentothebeginingofourera(protoclasic)theMayanculturebegantotakeshape.Inthemeridionalarea,wakesandaltarswerealreadysculpted;hieroglyphicwritinghadbegun;thecalendarwasknown,indicatingbothmathematicalandastronomicalknowledge.Discoveriesofofferingsinrichgrave
3、srevealednotabletechnologicaladvancementsinpotteryandstoneworking,aswellastheexistenceofathrivingsociety.Inthecentralandseptentrionalareas,thefirstpyramids,sometimesbeautifulydecoratedwithmodeledstucco,werebeingbuilt.Intheclasicperiod,whosebegininghasbeenfixedtotheyear300AD,markstheculmi
4、nationofthediferentiationprocessoftheMayanculture.DifferentfactorsintheMayanareaaswellasintherestofMesoamerica,musthavecontributedtoaculturalexplosion.Economicdevelopmentcouldbeexplainedbythedemographicgrowthandagreaterconcentrationofthepopulationastimepassed,somethingthathadbegunatthepr
5、eclasicperiod;totheagriculturalexplosionofregionsthathadnotbeenutilized,suchasthehighjungle;perhapsalsotonewcultivatingtechniquesinsomemarshareasaroundlakes.Thelargerthanneededharvestsguarantiedtheconsolidationofparasitesocialclasses(priesthoodandthenobility)thatguaranteedthesocialcohes
6、iontorealizecollectiveworks.Thhstructuretheconstructionofceremonialcentersandthedevelopmentofamonumentalartwereincreased.Socialstratificationbecamemorenotable,probablymakingitselfmorerigid.Thepoweroftheleadingsocialclasswasexercisedthrougheconomic,politicalandreligiousdomination.[来源:学科网Z
7、XXK]Theuseoftheso-called"MayanDome",wasstanderdizedandallowedthesubstitutionofthepalmroofstotheclayroofs.Thistechnologicaladvancementfundamentallychangedthemethodologyofconstruction,givingwaytoastrongdevelopmentofarchitectureandtheartsthatincludedsculpting,themodelingofst
