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1、专题三动词的被动语态1.当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时,谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,吋态通过be表现出来。1)一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词Youarerequiredtodothis・2)一般过去时:was/were+过去分词Thestorywastoldbyher.3)—般将来时:will+过去分词Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow・4)现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词Theroadisb
2、eingwidened・5)过去进行时:was/were+being+过去分词Thenewtoolwasbeingmade・6)现在完成时:has/have+been+过去分词Thenovelhasbeenread・7)过去完成时:had+been+过去分词Hesaidthattheworkhadbeenfinished.三、被动语态的用法:(1)>不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.1981年。Thisbookwaspublishedin1981这本
3、书出版于(1)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:thewindowwasbrokenbyMike・Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.四、主动语态变被动语态的方法:(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例女11:Allthepeoplelaughedathim・“情态动词+be+过去Hewaslaughedatbyal
4、lpeople.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句吋,由分词"构成例女口:Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays・Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays・二、•一些特殊的被动结构1>主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有:a.主动形式,这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。Thechildrenneedlookingafter.Thewindowswants/requiresrepairing.Thispointdeservesmentioning・b.有些及物动词后须加副
5、词(如:well,easily等),有些可不加,女口:act,clean,cut,draw,lock,open,play,read,sell,shut,strike,wash,write等。Theclothwashes/sellswell.Thedoorwon'tshut.Theplaywon'tact.c.形容词worth后直接加动名词时,如I:Thebookisworthreadingtwice.d.某些感官动词(如:feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste,wear等)与形容词连用时:Thewate
6、rfeelsverycold.Thedishtastesdelicious・5、以下动词构成的句子不能改为被动句:a.动词leave,enter,reach等的宾语是表示处所、地点(国家、团体,组织、军队)等。b.表示状态的动词,女口:become,benefit,cost,contain,equal,fit,fail,have,lack,last,mean,suit,looklike等。c.下列不及物动词及短语:appear,belongto,breakout,die,happen,lie,occur,rise,takeplac
7、e,agreewith,belongto,consistof,haveon,keepupwith及——些固定词组,如keepwords,loseheart,makeaface等。一、选择题)1・anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek・A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC・ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton(
8、棉花)inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC・growsD.grow()5.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek・D.givesA.isgivenB.