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1、Chapter4生醫材料概論台大醫學院醫學工程研究所黃義侑4・1生醫材料：醫療上之材料，用以與生體組織、體液、或血液等接觸，且不會產生副作用之惰性材料。可能是直接植入到身體內，或只與生體組織、體液、或血液等接觸而已。例如：靜脈導管、人造皮膚、人工關節、人工瓣膜、人造血管、人工腎臟等。4.1.1生醫材料的分類：1.天然材料（生物材料）。2.高分子材料（人工合成材料）。3.金屬、陶瓷材料等。4.1.2生醫材料的用途:1.用來做生物補綴物。2.替代組織器官。例如：人工關節、人工瓣膜、人工腎臟等。3.診療用品等。例如：血袋、導管
2、等。4.或外科手術用品等。例如：縫線、止血物等。4.1.3生物性生醫材料1.蛋白質。例如：明膠、原蛋白等2.多糖類物質。例如：澱粉、糊精等。3.聚氨基酸等。4.1.4髙分子生醫材!1.生分解性高分子。例如：聚乳酸PLA、聚甘酸PGA、聚己內酯Poly-e-caprolactone等。1.水膠。例如：丙烯酸系列水膠，HEMAo2.矽（橡）膠。3.聚峻酯。等4丄5金屬、陶瓷之生醫材料:1.不缁鋼。例如：316L骨釘、骨板。2.鉛、路合金，欽合金等。例如：人工體關節。3.陶瓷材料。例如：氫氧基磷灰石、生醫玻璃陶瓷等。4.2生醫
3、材料“-History:1.TheRomans,Chinese,andAztecusedgoldindentistrymorethan2000yearsago.Throughmuchofrecordedhistory,glasseyesandwoodenteethhavebeenincommonuse.絲、貓腸線2.Attheturnofthiscentury,syntheticplasticsbecameavailable・Theireaseoffabricationledtomanyimplantationexper
4、iments,mostofthem,inlightofourcontemporaryunderstandingofbiomaterialstoxicology,doomedtofailure.3.In1937,Poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA)wasintroducedindentistry.4.DuringWorldWarII,shardsofPMMAfromshatteredgunnerytun*ets,unintentionallyimplantedintheeyesofaviators,
5、suggestedthatsomematerialsmightevokeonlyamildforeignbodyreaction.5.JustafterWorldWarII,Voorheesexperimentedwithparachutecloth(VinyonN)asavascularprosthesis.6.In1958,inacardiovascularsurgerytextbookbyRob,thesuggestionwasofferedthatsurgeonsmightvisittheirlocaldrape
6、r'sshopandpurchaseDacronfabricthatcouldbecutwithpinkingshearstofabricateanarterialprosthesis.7.Intheearly1960sChamleyusedPMMA,ultrahigholecular・weightpolyethylene,andstainlesssteelfortotalhipreplacement.4.3BIOMATERIALSAlthoughbiomaterialsareprimarilyusedformedica
7、lapplications,theyarealsousedtogrowcellsinculture,inapparatusforhandlingproteinsinthelaboratory,indevicestoregulatefertilityincattle,intheaquacultureofoysters,andpossiblyinthenearfuturetheywillbeusedinacell-silicon"biochip"thatwouldbeintegratedintocomputers.Commo
8、nproblem:theinteractionbetweenbiologicalsystemsandsynthetic(ormodifiednatural)materials.材料作為醫用材料時需進行哪些測試?MedicaldevicecategorizationbyBiologicaleffect■Natureof
