生态学的分科

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1、Chapter3PopulationGrowth生态学的分科：AutecologyPopulationecologycommunityecologyEcosystemecology2Chapt.06Populationdensity.abundant.common.rare.endangered.extincteg.Zaccopachycephalus粗首獵endemictoTaiwan,butcommoninwestcoastsLifeTables1.agespecific(cohortanalysis)Short-livedan

2、imal：2.time-specific(static)long-livedanimals.Compositelifetable(B)birthdeath(D)dn=B-DNetreproductiverate:RoRo=lxmxln=survivingproportionmx=age-specificfertilityTypeITypeIITypeIIIManymammalsManybirds,smallmammals,lizards,turtlesManyinvertebratesAgeNumberofsurvivors(n)(

3、logscale)x10001001010.17Chapt.06LifeTablesDateonnumbersofindividualsateachageConstructlifetablesDemonstratetheagestructureofapopulationLifetableconstruction–demography8Chapt.06LifeTablesUsefulparametersinthelifetables(Deevey1947)x=ageclassorintervalnx=numberofsurvivors

4、atbeginningofageintervalx.dx=numberoforganismsdyingbetweenageintervals=nx–nx=1lx=proportionoforganismssurvivingtothebeginningofageintervalx=ns/n09Chapt.06LifeTablesGeneraltypesofsurvivorshipcurvesTypeIMostindividualsarelostwhentheyareolderVertebratesororganismsthatexhi

5、bitparentalcareandprotecttheiryoungSmalldipatyoungageduetopredators10Chapt.06LifeTablesTypeIIAlmostlinearrateoflossManybirdsandsomeinvertebratesTypeIIILargefractionarelostinthejuvenilestagesInvertebrates,manyplants,andmarineinvertebratesthatdonotexhibitparentalcare11Ch

6、apt.06ReproductiveRateFecundityAge-specificbirthratesNumberoffemaleoffspringproducedbyeachbreedingfemaleFecundityschedulesFecundityinformationinlifetable12Chapt.06