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1、危重患者医院感染临床调查分析张亚莉,杨云滨,汪能平,陈进华(第一军医大学附属南方医院,广东广州510515)摘要:目的了解我院重症监护病房(ICU)患打的医院感染情况,对重症监护患者医院感染的有关因索进行探讨。方法以主动监测方法对2001年全院所冇ICU患者依据患者临床症状、体格检查、血像、细菌培养、X线检查等确定诊断。结呆ICU患者的医院感染率为18.0%,显著高于同期医院平均感染率(5.5%);随着年龄的増长感染率上升,基础病感染率以肿瘤、外科开放性损伤(尤其是颅脑外伤),医院感染发生率最髙;医院感染的部位分布,以下呼吸道感染最多,占48.5%。有高危因素的医院感染率高达
2、41.3%,显著高于没冇高危因素的感染发生率(6.7%),口离危因素越多,感染率越高JCU医院感染病原菌以铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、人肠埃希菌等革兰阴性菌为主,在革兰阳性菌中,以金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌为主。结论ICU是医院感染的高发单位,应作为乘点监测,尤其是高龄、肿瘤、脑外伤等高危疾病和进行侵入性诊疗的患者。关键词:重症监护病房;医院感染;危险因素中图分类号:R181.3+2文献标识码:A文章编号:1005・4529(2003)02-012004InfectionAnalysisonIntensiveCareUnitsPatientsZHANGYa-li,
3、YANGYuirbin,WANGNeng-ping,CHENJiirhua(NanfanHospital,theFirstMHitaryMedicalUniversify,Guangzhou510515,China)Abstract:OBJECTIVETosurveytheinfectionstatusinintensivecareunits(ICU)patientsofourhospital,andtoanirlyzetheriskfactors・METHODSInordertoinspectalltheinfectioncasesinourhospitalICUdurin
4、g2001,theinfectiondiagnosiswasmadeaccordingtophysicalexamination,clinicalmanifestation.peripheralbloodWBCcount,andbacterialculture.RESULTSTheinfectionrateinICUpatientsin2001was18.0%,statisticallyhigherthanthatincommonpatientswhichwas5.5%.Theinfectionratebecamehigherinelderlypatients.Thehig
5、hestinfectionrateshappenedintunx)r,openinjury,especiallytheheadinjurypatients・Thelowerrespiratorytractisthemostvulnerablesitetoinfertion,accountingfor48.5%ofallhospitalinfection・Theinfectionrate(41.3%)inpatientswithhighriskfactorsismuchhigherthanthatinpatientswithouthighinfectionriskfactors
6、(6.7%),andtheinfectionrategoesupwiththenumberofriskfactorsthatthepatientsareexposurelo.Basedontheanalysisonthe360infectioncases,urinarytractintubationisthehighestiatrogenicriskfactor,thentheapplicationofcortisone,generalanesthesia,tracheotomy,bloodvesselintubation,andcomainorder・Longduratio
7、nofsurgicaloperationtimecanalsoputthepatientsatrisk.ThemostcommoninfectionbacteriainICUarePseudomonsaeruginosa,Klebsiellapneumoniae,Escherichiacoli,Siaphy^lococcusaureus,S・epidennidis,Entercx^cusfaecalis・CONCLUSIONSICUaretheplaceswherehospitalinfectionra