鼓励出口措施1

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1、ExportPromotionsandExportControlExportPromotionExportCreditThegovernmentoftheexportcountryauthorizeaspecialbanktoprovideitsexportersorimportersabroadwithpreferentialloans.2.ExportCreditGuaranteeSystemSeller’screditBuyer’scredit(TiedLoan)exporterExporter’sbankImpor

2、terImorter’sbankSeller’screditBuyer’screditBuyer’screditTheexporter’sbankprovideloanstothenation’sexporters.Theexporter’sbankprovideloanstoforeignbuyersorimporterbank.ExportSubsidy（出口补贴）出口补贴是由政府对该国的出口厂商或潜在的出口厂商的直接或间接资助，旨在降低本国厂商的出口成本，鼓励扩大本国产品的出口。Exportsubsidiesrefe

3、rtogovernmentpaymentsandotherextraordinaryfinancialsupportsprovidedtodomesticfirms.Thesesubsidieswillreducethecostofdomesticmanufacturesandexporterssoastoreducethepriceoftheexportingproductsandpromotetheircompetitivenessininternationalmarket.DirectSubsidyIndirectS

4、ubsidyAgreementonSubsidyandCountervailingMeasures（补贴与反补贴措施协定）三种补贴ProhibitedSubsidies（禁止性补贴）ActionableSubsidies（可申诉补贴）Non-actionableSubsidies(不可诉申补贴/绿色的补贴）Subsidieslinkeddirectlytoexportingareprohibited,exceptexportsubsidiesusedbythelowest-incomedevelopingcountries

5、.Example:Afirmreceivesataxbreakbasedontheamountthatitexports.Subsidiesthatarenotlinkeddirectlytoexportingbutstillhaveanimpactonexportsareactionable.Example:Low-pricedelectricityisprovidedtoassistproductionbylocalfirmsinanindustry,andsomeofthisproductionisexported.

6、Somesubsidiesarenon-actionable.Theseincludesubsidiesforresearchanddevelopment,assistancetodisadvantagedregions,andassistanceinmeetingenvironmentalregulations.4.CommodityDumpingCommoditydumpingmeanssellingcommodityatapricelowerthanthenormalvalue(orfairmarketvalue).

7、belowcostthesaleofacommodityatalowerpriceabroadthandomestically.Seasonaldumpingistheoccasionalsaleofacommodityatbelowcostoratalowerpriceabroadthandomesticallyinordertounloadanunforeseenandtemporarysurplusofthecommoditywithouthavingtoreducedomesticprices.Predatoryd

8、umpingisthetemporarysaleofacommodityatbelowcostoratalowerpriceabroadinordertodriveforeignproducersoutofbusiness,afterwhichpricesareraisedtotakeadvantage