英语语音Stress and rhythm

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1、Unit22StressandRhythm(重读和节奏)WhenEnglishspeakersarespeaking,theyusually:makesomepartsofwordsstrongerandclearerthanotherparts(wordstress)joinpartsofthewordstogether(soundlinking)arrangewordsintogroupsandjointhemtogether(pausesandwordgroups)makesomewordsstrongerandclearerthanotherwords(sentencestres

2、s).Everylanguageintheworldhasitsownrhythmicpatterns.Therearetwotypesofrhythmintheworld’slanguages:Stress-timing（重音定时节奏）andsyllable-timing（音节定时节奏）Stress-timing：Equalintervalsbetweenstressedsyllables(重读音节之间使用一样的时间间隔)Prototypicallanguages:English,Dutch,GermanSyllable-timing：Equalsyllabledurations（每个音节使

3、用一样的时间长度）Prototypicallanguages:French,SpanishAlllanguagesoftheworldaresaidtofallintoonegrouportheotherTwoTypesofRhythmRhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress(英语的节奏基于重读，或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位)TheEnglishspeechisStress-timing,thatis,thestressedsyllablesfolloweachotheratroughlyequalintervalsoftime.InEnglish,variat

4、ionofsyllablesorwordsthathavestrongstresswiththosethathaveweakerorreducedstressistypicalandcontributestotherhythmofEnglish.Therefore,rhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress.Examples:(adot=short,adash=long)ExampleOne:clapyouhandsintimetothestressasyoureadthesentences。读以下句子的时候，请随着重读音节拍手.Note:thestresseds

5、yllablesfolloweachotheratroughlyequalintervalsoftimeRhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress(英语的节奏基于重读，或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位)/Tom/John/Steve/Sam/Thomson/Johnson/Steven/Samson/Thomsonand/Johnsonand/Stevenand/Samson/Thomsonandthen/Johnsonandthen/Stevenandthen/SamsonRhythminEnglishspeechisbasedonstress(英语的节奏基于重读，

6、或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位)ExampleTwo:readthefollowingpairsofphrasesandsentences.Blackorwhite?Itwasblackanditwaswhite.softandlightIt'ssoftandit'slight.DanandSueItwasDannyanditwasSusie.breadandmilkSomebreadandsomemilk.Getapurse.Getusherpurse.adarkroomItwasdarkintheroom.coldwinterItwascoldinthewinter.Note:ittakes

7、aboutthesamelengthoftimetosayeachpairofthesephrasesandsentencesbecausethenumberofsyllablesmayvarybutthenumberofstressedsyllablesarethesame.Fig.1:ChinesePutonghuaontherhythmicscaleinrelationtoFrench,Sp