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1、StressManagementAllanSanders,MN,ARNPasanders@wsu.eduObjectivesExplorethebiological,psychological,andsocialaspectsofthehumanstressresponse.Describethedifferencebetweenadaptiveandmaladaptivecopingstrategies.Understandcopingstrategiesthatincreaseresiliencetopromoteproduct
2、ivelivingandhealthyaging.CommonStressAssociatedDiseasesDiminishedImmunityHeadacheFatigueWeightgainDyslipidemiaHypertensionHeartDiseasePsoriasis/EczemaDigestiveproblemsAnxietyDepressionAlcoholismSubstanceabuseInsomniaIrritablebowelsyndromeFibromyalgiaDecreasedsexdriveOv
3、erviewofTerminologyStress:AstateofdisharmonyorathreattohomeostasisPhysiologicalchangesincreasealertness,focus,andenergyPerceiveddemandsmayexceedtheperceivedresourcesCoping:Theabilitytomaintaincontrol,thinkrationally,andproblemsolveResilience:Resistantqualitythatpermits
4、apersontorecoveryquicklyandthriveinspiteofadversityStressEustressManageableStresscanleadtogrowthandenhancedcompetenceDistressUncontrollable,prolonged,oroverwhelmingstressisdestructive.AcuteStressImmediateresponsetoathreatorchallengeChronicStressOngoingexposuretostress,
5、mayseemunrelentingCausesofStressExternalcausesFamily,work,economics,work,school,majorlifechanges,unforeseenevents,etc.InternalcausesWorry,uncertainty,fear,attitudes,unrealisticexpectations,etc.SourcesofClinicalStressForpatientsUncertaintyFearPainCostLackofknowledgeRisk
6、forharmUnknownresourcesFornursesPoorpatientoutcomesRiskofmakinganerrorUnfamiliarsituationsExcessiveworkloadInadequateresourcesStagesoftheStressResponseGeneralAdaptationSyndromeofHansSelye(1907-1982)Alarm—whenonefeelsthreatenedActivationofthefightorflightreactionResista
7、nce—mobilizationofresourcestosolvetheproblemContinuedstresscausesadaptationExhaustionAdaptationfailsandleveloffunctiondecreasesALARM:ActivationofHypothalamicPituitaryAdrenalAxisCatecholaminesIncreasescardiacoutputDilatesairwaysDilatespupilsMobilizesglucoseCausesvasomot
8、orchangesDecreasesdigestionEnhancescoagulationCorticalSteroidsElevatesglucoseIncreasesaminoacidsIncreasesNAresorption
