Parenting After Separation What’s Up with Fat

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1、ParentingAfterSeparation:What’sUpwithFathers?VictoriaUniversityofWellingtonRobertE.EmeryUniversityofVirginiaree@virginia.eduhttp://emeryondivorce.comTakeHomeMessagesDivorcedfamiliesarestillfamiliesAndneedtobeunderstoodinfamilysystemstermsRelationshipsdon’tendwithdivorceParentinga

2、ndco-parentingmustberenegotiatedTherenegotiation“answer”is…thenegotiationProcedurenotsubstancecriticalinthelaw(asinparenting)Judges,custodyevaluatorsdon’thavesecretanswersButmediators,collaborativelawyershavehelpfulprocedures…EmotionsarebiggestobstacletorenegotiatingWeaskparentst

3、odosomethingemotionallyunnaturalAFocusonFathersFathersarenotreplaceablefamilypartsPsychologicallypresentevenwhenphysicallyabsentChildrenbenefitfromfatherinvolvementInmoresubtleways…Bigreasonbehindlowerfathercontactis…Notdisregardforfather’srightsFathers’rights(ormothers’rights)is

4、wrongfocusButconflictandgriefIsFatherhoodChanging?Primarycustody(Grall,2006;Meyer&Garasky,1993)1960:Fathers=10%2004:Fathers=16.9%JointPhysicalCustody?Manyclaimjointphysicalisincreasing,normativeLawyersatrecentWImeeting:95%ofagreementsJointPhysicalCustody?NationalCenterforHealthSt

5、atistics(1995)16%ofdivorceagreementsBut??:44%inMontana,4%NebraskaSeeEmery(1999)Lackofdataisperhapswhat’smostshockingAmatoandEmery,inprogressChangesinFatherInvolvementWeeklycontactincreasingsignificantlyNosignificantchangeindropoutsDivorcedDadshighercontactthannevermarriedDadsFars

6、hortofjointphysicalcustodymajorityIsFatherhoodchanging?Yes,but…MarriedFamiliesDirectchildcareinmarriedfamilies(Bianchi,2000)1965:Fathers=.24asmuchtimeasmothers1998:Fathers=.55asmuchtimeasmothersAside:Approximationrule1/3timewithfathers=120overnights/yearonaverageTrends:Fathersmu

7、chmoreinvolvedMothersstilldomostdirectparentingUndetectedPattern?Veryrecentchanges?LegalagreementsdifferentfromactualpracticeSymbolismofjointphysicalcustody?Strategicbargainingforlowerchildsupport?BenefitsofJointCustodyforChildren?Bauserman(2002)(JofFamilyPsych)Meta-analysisof33s

8、tudiesChildrenbetteradjustedinjointcusto