Ch3 Global Trade Environ

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1、Chapter3TheGlobalTradeEnvironment:RegionalMarketCharacteristicsandPreferentialTradeAgreements3-1InChapter2Marketdefinition–Peopleororganizationswithneedsandwants;bothhavethewillingnessandabilitytobuyorsellTheglobaleconomicenvironmentplaysalargeroleinthedevelopmento

2、fnewmarketsfororganizations2EconomicSystems4maintypesofeconomicsystemsMarketCapitalismCentrallyplannedsocialismCentrallyplannedcapitalismMarketsocialism3EconomicSystemsMarketCommandMarketCapitalismCentrallyPlannedCapitalismMarketSocialismCentrallyPlannedSocialismPri

3、vateResourceOwnershipStateResourceAllocation4BigEmergingMarketsChinaIndiaIndonesiaSouthKoreaBrazilMexicoArgentinaSouthAfricaPolandTurkey██Emergingmarkets██Developedmarkets5RapidlyDevelopingEconomiesTheterm"rapidlydevelopingeconomies"isnowbeingusedtodenoteemergingmar

4、ketssuchasTheUnitedArabEmirates,ChileandMalaysiathatareundergoingrapidgrowth.6StagesofMarketDevelopmentWorldBankhasdefinedfourcategoriesofdevelopmentHigh-incomecountriesUpper-middleincomecountriesLower-middleincomecountriesLow-incomecountriesBaseduponGrossNationalPr

5、oduct(GNP)7InfluencingtheWorldEconomyGroupofSeven(G-7)OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentTheTriad8GATTGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradetreatyamongnationstopromotetradeamongmembersHandledtradedisputesLackedenforcementpowerReplacedbyWorldTradeOrganization

6、in19959TheWorldTradeOrganizationMission:TheWTOstatesthatitsaimsaretoincreaseinternationaltradebypromotinglowertradebarriersandprovidingaplatformforthenegotiationoftradeandtotheirbusinessProvidesforumfortrade-relatednegotiationsamong150membersbasedinGenevaservesasdis

7、putemediatorsempoweredwithabilitytoenforcerulingsCountriesfoundinviolationofWTOrulesareexpectedtochangepoliciesorelsefacesanctions10Members11RecentWTOCasesACP:Africa,CaribbeanandPacific12PreferentialTradeAgreementsManycountriesseektolowerbarrierstotradewithintheirre

8、gionsFreeTradeAreasCustomsUnionsCommonMarketEconomicUnions1314NorthAmericaCanada,UnitedStates,MexicoNAFTAestablishedfreetradeareaallthreen