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1、UnitFourMultinationalCorporationsIntroductionWiththedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,multinationalcorporationshavebecomethemainformofcompaniesindifferentcountries.Theyhaveplayedmoreandmoreimportantroleinourbusinesslives.TextExercisesRelatedTechnicalTermsGrammar1Internationa
2、lbusiness,inthesenseoftradeacrossfrontiers,hasexistedforthousandsofyears.ButinthedecadessinceWorldWarII,therehasbeenaburgeoningofinternationalbusinessactivityonanunprecedentedscale,andthishasrepresentedasignificantchange,notmerelyintermsofscale,butofthenatureoftheactivity.
3、Text2IntheearlydecadesfollowingWorldWarII,themostobviousphenomenonwasthechangeinemphasisfromexportingtolocalassemblyormanufacture.BeforeWorldWarIItherewerealreadyanumberofcompanieswhichwouldbedescribedasmultinationals,inthesensethattheymanufacturedindifferentpartsoftheworl
4、d.Theywere,however,comparativelysmallinnumberandscale.ThefirststepintheinternationalizationofbusinessaftertheWarwassimplyaveryrapidgrowthinfairlytraditionalterms,inthesensethatmoreandmorecompaniesinonedevelopedcountrysetuptheirown,orboughtoverexisting,manufacturingfaciliti
5、esinothercountries.Text3Asdevelopmentofsuchbusinessactivitiesgrewrapidly,theyhadnotonlybeenvariouslydefinedindifferentstudies,butlabeledwithdifferentnames.Amongthemostcommontermsusedtorefertothemultinationalbusinessfirmare:theMultinationalCorporation(MNC),theMultinationalE
6、nterprise(MNE)andtheTransnationalCorporation(TNC),thelastbeingthetermcommonlyemployedbyagenciesoftheUnitedNations.Toavoidmisunderstandingandconfusion,aformaldefinitionhasbeenarrivedat.TextFormalDefinitions4Amultinationalenterpriseshallbedefinedasabusinessorganizationwhicho
7、wns(whetherwhollyorpartly),controlsandmanagesassets,oftenincludingproductiveresources,inmorethanonecountry,throughitsmembercompaniesincorporatedseparatelyineachofthesecountries.Eachmembercompanyisknownasamultinationalcorporation.EachMNCispurportedtorepresentcertaininterest
8、s(ortofulfillcertaingoals)ofthemultinationalenterpriseandislinkedtooneanotherwithintheorg
