内科护理学课件英语考试资料myocardial+infarction

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1、MyocardialInfarction心肌梗死Myocardialinfarction心肌梗死Myocardialinfarction(MIorAMIforacutemyocardialinfarction),alsoknownasaheartattack心脏病发作,occurswhenthebloodsupplytopartoftheheartisinterrupted,resultingischemiaandoxygenshortage,ifleftuntreatedforasufficientperiod,cancausedamageand/ormyocar

2、diuminfarction.Angina心绞痛asaresultofischemiacausesreversiblecellularinjury,andinfarctionistheresultofsustainedischemia,causingirreversiblecellulardeath.Classification分类Acutemyocardialinfarctionisatypeofacutecoronarysyndrome急性冠脉综合征.Theacutecoronarysyndromesinclude:unstableangina(UA)不稳定型心

3、绞痛.STsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarction(STEMI)ST段抬高性心梗non-STsegmentelevationmyocardialinfarction(NSTEMI)非ST段抬高性心梗MyocardialinfarctionInfarctionsaredescribedbytheareaofoccurrenceasanterior前壁,posterior后壁,inferior下壁orlateral侧壁wallinfarctions.InferiorMIisalsocalledadiaphragmaticMI(DMI)膈肌

4、心梗Commoncombinationofareasaretheanterolateral前侧壁心肌梗塞oranteroseptal(房室)隔前的MI.Pathophysiology病理生理Themostcommontriggeringeventisthedisruption破损ofanatheroscleroticplaque粥样硬化斑块inanepicardialcoronaryartery.Plaquescanbecomeunstable,rupture破裂,andadditionallypromoteathrombus血栓(bloodclot)thatocc

5、ludes阻塞theartery.Whenasevereenoughplaqueruptureoccursinthecoronaryvasculature,itleadstomyocardialinfarction.Pathophysiology病理生理Dependingonthelocationoftheobstructioninthecoronarycirculation,differentzonesoftheheartcanbecomeinjured.Anocclusionoftheleftanteriordescendingcoronaryartery(LA

6、D)左冠状动脉前降支willresultinananteriorwallmyocardialinfarct前壁心肌梗死.Infarctsofthelateralwall侧壁心肌梗死arecausedbyocclusionoftheleftcircumflexcoronaryartery(LCx)冠状动脉左回旋支.Bothinferiorwallandposteriorwallinfarctions下壁和后壁心梗maybecausedbyocclusionofeithertherightcoronaryartery右冠状动脉ortheleftcircumflexart

7、ery左冠状动脉回旋支,dependingonwhichfeedstheposteriordescendingartery.Rightventricularwallinfarcts右心室壁梗死arealsocausedbyrightcoronaryartery右冠状动脉occlusion.Pathophysiology病理生理Thedegreeofpreestablishedcollateralcirculation侧支循环提前建立alsodeterminetheseverityofinfarction.Inanindividualwithahistoryofh