《内科护理学课件英语考试资料coronaryarterydisease(1)》

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1、CoronaryArteryDisease冠状动脉疾病CoronaryArteryDiseaseAtherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化isoftenreferredtoas“hardeningofthearteries”.Althoughthisconditioncanoccurinanyarteryinthebody,theatheromas血管硬化(fattydeposits)haveapreferenceforthecoronaryarteries.AterioscleroticHeartDisease(ASHD)动脉粥样硬化性心脏病,CardiovascularHeartDi

2、sease(CHD)心血管心脏病,andCoronaryArteryDisease(CAD)冠状动脉疾病aresynonymoustermsusedtodescribethisdiseaseprocess.Etiologyandpathophysiology病因和病理生理Atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化isthemajorcauseofCAD.Itischaracterizedbyafocaldepositofcholesterol胆固醇andlipids血脂,primarilywithintheintimalwalloftheartery.Theconceptofendoth

3、elialinjury内皮损伤iscentraltocurrenttheoriesofatherogensis.Thegenesisofplague斑块formationistheresultofcomplexinteractionsbetweenthecomponentsofthebloodandtheelementsformingthevascularwall.Etiologyandpathophysiology病因和病理生理Developmentstages发展过程CADtakesmanyyearstodevelops.Whenitbecomessymptomatic,thedis

4、easeprocessisusuallywelladvanced.Thestatesofdevelopmentinatherosclerosisare:Fattystreak脂肪条纹Raisedfibrousplaqueresultingfromsmoothmusclecellproliferation纤维斑块增加Complicatedlesion复杂病变Riskfactors风险因素Threemostsignificantrisksare:elevatedserumlipids血脂,hypertensionandcigarettesmoking.Riskfactorscanbecate

5、gorizedasunmodifiableandmodifiableUnmodifiablefactors:Age,genderandraceFamilyhistoryandheredityModifiablemajorriskfactorsElevatedserumlipids血脂HypertensionSmokingPhysicalinactivityModifiableminorriskfactorsObesityDiabetesmellitus糖尿病StressandbehaviorpatternsHealthpromotionandmaintenance健康促进和维护Ident

6、ificationofhigh-riskManagementofhigh-riskPhysicalfitnessHealtheducationNutritionalmanagementPharmacologicmanagementDrugsthatincreaselipoproteinremovalDrugsthatrestrictlipoproteinproductionClinicalmanifestationofCAD临床表现TherearethreemajorclinicalmanifestationofCAD:angina心绞痛acuteMI心肌梗死suddencardiacd

7、eath猝死Anginapectoris心绞痛Myocardialischemia心肌缺血isexpressedsymptomaticallyasangina心绞痛.Morespecifically,anginapectorisistransient短暂的chestpaincausedbymyocardialischemia心肌缺血.Anginausuallylastsforonlyafewminutes(3to5minutes)a