英国历史文化概况UNIT3SystemofGovernmentandPoliticalParties

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1、Unit3SystemofGovernmentandPoliticalPartiesCONTENTSTeachingAimsTextATextBSupplementaryReadingTEACHINGAIMS:Afterstudyingthisunit,youarerequiredto:1.HaveageneralideaofsystemofgovernmentandpoliticalpartiesoftheUK.2.Understandthesystemofgovernmentandpoliticalparties.3.Masterthedifficultwordsandexp

2、ressions.TextASystemofGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomTextAPreview:英国是一个单一制、君主立宪的民主国家，它的政府体系（即所谓西敏制）直接影响了许多其他国家的政治体制，包括加拿大、印度、澳大利亚和牙买加等英联邦成员国。英国没有成文的宪法，但宪法惯例（constitutionalconventions）具有宪法的作用；各种成文法和普通法共同组成了所谓的英国宪法。英国的国家元首和理论上最高权力的拥有者是英国君主，目前为伊丽莎白二世。实际上，女王只拥有象征性的地位，其权力的形式受到惯例与民意的约束。“君临国会”（CrowninP

3、arliament）代表了英国的国家主权。TextAReadingComprehension:Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.1.InthepoliticsoftheUnitedKingdomthePrimeMinisterisheadofstateandtheMonarchoftheUnitedKingdomistheheadofgovernment.()2.ThereisthecodifiedconstitutionoftheUnitedKingdom,b

4、eingmadeupofconstitutionalconventions,statutesandotherelements.()3.CurrentlyHerMajestyQueenElizabethIIistheChiefofStateoftheUnitedKingdom.()TextAReadingComprehension:4.Inpractice,theleaderofthepoliticalpartywithanabsolutemajorityofseatsintheHouseofCommonsischosentobethePrimeMinister.()5.Inacc

5、ordancewithconstitutionalconvention,allministerswithinthegovernmentarebothMembersofParliamentandpeersintheHouseofLords.()6.TheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdomcontainsanumberofministriesknownmainlyexclusivelyasdepartments.()7.“Whitehall”isoftenusedasasynonymforthecentralcoreoftheCivilService.()Tex

6、tAReadingComprehension:8.TheScottishGovernmentandParliamenthavewiderangingpowersoveranymatterthathasnotbeenspecifically‘reserved’totheUKparliament,includingeducation,healthcare,Scotslawandlocalgovernment.()9.EachconstituencyelectsaMemberofParliament(MP)totheHouseofLordsatGeneralElectionsand,i

7、frequired,atby-elections.()10.TheUnitedKingdomhasasinglelegalsystemduetoitbeingcreatedbythepoliticalunionofpreviouslyindependentcountrieswiththetermsoftheTreatyofUnionguaranteeingthecontinuedexistenceofScotland’sseparatelegalsystem.()TextANot