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1、Turbulence,HeatandMassTransfer4
!"$#%&%'(*),+.-/ 10(*)32©2003BegellHouse,Inc.TenYearsofIndustrialExperiencewiththeSSTTurbulenceModel1,11F.R.MenterM.KuntzandR.Langtry1SoftwareDevelopmentDepartment,ANSYS–CFX,83714
2、Otterfing,Germanyflorian.menter@ansys.com;martin.kuntz@ansys.com,robin.langtry@ansys.comAbstract–ThisdocumentdescribesthecurrentformulationoftheSSTturbulencemodels,aswellasanumberofmodelenhancements.Themodelenhancementscoveramodifiednearwalltreatmentoftheequatio
3、ns,whichallowsforamoreflexiblegridgenerationprocessandazonalDESformulation,whichreducestheproblemofgridinducedseparationforindustrialflowsimulations.Resultsforacompleteaircraftconfigurationwithandwithoutenginenacelleswillbeshown.1.IntroductionThestartingpointfor
4、thedevelopmentoftheSST[1,2]modelwastheneedfortheaccuratepredictionofaeronauticsflowswithstrongadversepressuregradientsandseparation.Overdecades,theavailableturbulencemodelshadconsistentlyfailedtocomputetheseflows.Inparticular,theotherwisepopulark-e[3]modelwasnot
5、abletocapturetheproperbehaviourofturbulentboundarylayersuptoseparation[4].TheJohnson-Kingmodel[5]wasthefirstformulation,whichallowedtheaccuratepredictionofseparatedairfoilflows.Unfortunately,themodelwasnoteasilyextensibletomodernthree-dimensionalNavier-Stokescod
6、esduetoitsalgebraicformulation.Thek-wmodelissubstantiallymoreaccuratethank-einthenearwalllayers,andhasthereforebeensuccessfulforflowswithmoderateadversepressuregradients,butfailesforflowswithpressureinducedseparation[1].Inadditionthew-equationshowsastrongsensiti
7、vitytothevaluesofwinthefreestreamoutsidetheboundarylayer[6].Thefreestreamsensitivityhaslargelypreventedthew-equationfromreplacingthee-equationasthestandardscale-equationinturbulencemodelling,despiteitssuperiorperformanceinthenearwallregion.Thiswasoneofthemainmot
8、ivationsforthedevelopmentofthezonalBSLandSSTmodels.Thezonalformulationisbasedonblendingfunctions,whichensureaproperselectionofthek-wandk-ezoneswithoutuserinteraction.
