高一英语Book 2 语法复习人教实验版知识精讲

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1、高一英语Book2语法复习人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：Book2语法复习［学习内容］一、被动语态小结：（一）何时使用被动语态1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要如：Paperismadefromwood.Thehouseisquiteold.Itwasbuiltin1950.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要强调动作的承受者时如：Calculatorcan'tbeusedinthemathsexam.Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommus

2、tn'tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，以使句子得到更好的安排。如：Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（二）被动语态的构成1.be+done可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短

3、语，而系表结构中done相当于adj.不带by短语。如：Thequestionissettled.(系表结构)Suchquestionsaresettledbyus.(被动语态)Thecompositioniswellwritten.(系表结构)Thecompositioniswrittenwithgreatcare.(被动语态)Thejobwaswelldone.(系表结构)Thejobwaswelldonebyaskilledworker.(被动语态)2.许多verbs(broken,interest

4、ed,shut,worried),既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。如：Iwasworriedaboutyouallnight.(表状态)Iwasworriedbymosquitoesallnight.(表动作)TheglasswasbrokenbyJack.(表动作)Theglassisbroken.(表状态)Iwasfrightenedbyhisghoststory.Shewasfrightenedatthesightofasnake.（三）不同形式的

5、被动语态1.含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。如：Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.Hesentmeabirthdaypresent.Iwassentabirth

6、daypresentbyhim.Abirthdaypresentwassenttomebyhim.2.含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。（1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。如：TheycallherXiaoli.SheiscalledXiaoli.Heleftthedooropen.Thedoorwasleftopenbyhim.（2）make,let,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice.Help等动词后作宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to.如：Mybrotherofte

7、nmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIyoung.Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.Shewasheardtomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.DidyouseeJacktakeawaythemagazine?WasJackseentotakeawaythemagazine?3.情态动词的被动语态

8、是由情态v.+be+p.p.构成如：Theycannotfindhim.Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.Imustbepaidforthis.Hecanrepairyourwatch.Yourwatchcanberepaired.4.短语的被动语态一般来讲，只有及物才有被动语态，因为只有vt.才能有动作的承受者;但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾