西方戏剧漫谈

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1、AGlimpseofWesternDrama2009.10.23I.TheoriginofwesterndramaII.GreekdramaIII.Types(Subgenres)ofdramaIV.ThetraditionofShakespeare’stragedyI.Theoriginofwesterndramai.Theoriginofdrama:Thereligiousceremonials：Thedesiretoimitate(mimeticinstinct)ThedesiretoworshipCeremonials:Prayer,song,dancingDr

2、ama:"action"(ClassicalGreek:δρᾶμα,dráma)ii.OriginofGreekdrama:a.Dionysus(狄俄尼索斯)Thegodoffertility,regenerationandwine.ThreefestivalsdedicatedtoDionysusorBacchustragedy:ritesaboutlifeanddeathcomedy:ritesaboutfertilityb.GodessesofMuse:Greekmythology缪斯文艺女神Thalia(塔利亚):Museofcomedy(thelaughing

3、face)喜剧女神Melpomene(墨尔波墨):Museoftragedy(theweepingface)悲剧女神MuseofComedyMelpomeneII.GreekdramaAtheatricalculturethatflourishedinancientGreeceTime:Betweenc.550andc.220BC.Centre:Thecity-stateofAthens,whichbecameasignificantcultural,politicalandmilitarypowerduringthisperiodImpact:Westerntheat

4、reoriginatesinAthensanditsdramahashadasignificantandsustainedimpactonWesterncultureasawhole.ThreeImportantAncientGreektragedyplaywrights:Aeschylus（525-456BC）（埃斯库罗斯）Sophocles（496？-406BC）（索福克勒斯）Eurrpides（485-406BC）（欧里庇得斯）Aeschylus（埃斯库罗斯）（525-456BC）“Thefatheroftragedy”“PrometheusBound”《被束缚的

5、普罗米修斯》ATitanwhowaspunishedbythegodZeusforgivingfiretomankind.Sophocles索福克勒斯（496？-406BC）“Homerindramaticarts”“Oedipus”《俄狄浦斯王》Sphinx’sRiddle斯芬克斯之谜Whatgoesonfourlegsinthemorning,ontwolegsatnoon,andonthreelegsintheevening?OedipusComplex俄狄浦斯情结Euripides（欧里庇得斯）（485-406BC）Thefatherofthepsycholog

6、icaldrama“Medea”《美狄亚》Medea:daughterofKingAeëtesofColchisJason:theherowhogainedtheGoldenFleecewiththehelpofMedeaFrailty,thynameiswoman!III.TypesofdramaTypes:Subgenres次文类Tragedy,comedy,melodrama,tragicomedyTragicomedy（悲喜剧/传奇剧/英雄正剧）tragedy+comedy;seriousplay+happyending;serioustopic+lightmo

7、odFromShakespeare'stimetothenineteenthcentury,tragicomedyreferredtoaseriousplaywitheitherahappyendingorenoughjokesthroughouttheplaytolightenthemood.FourtragicomediesofShakespeare:Pericles《泰尔亲王佩利克斯》Cymbeline《辛白林》TheWinter’sTale《冬天的故事》TheTempest《暴风雨》Melodrama(音乐剧，情节剧):InGre