The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching

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1、TheOralApproachandSituationalLanguageTeachingBackground:Theoralapproachwasdevelopedfromthe1930stothe1960sbyBritishappliedlinguistssuchasHaroldPalmerandA.S.Hornsby,whoattemptedtoformallydevelopascientifically-foundedapproachtoteachingEnglish.Anumberoflarge-scaleinvestigationsaboutlanguage

2、learningandtheincreasedemphasisonreadingskillsinthe1920sledtothenotionof"vocabularycontrol".Paralleltothiswasthenotionof"grammarcontrol".VocabularyContralOneoftheoutstandingfeaturesofthemethodisitsemphasisonvocabularyandreadingskillslearning.Thisledtothedevelopmentofprinciplesofvocabular

3、ycontrol.Frequencycountsshowedthatacoreofabout2000wordsoccurredfrequentlyinwrittentextandthatamasteryofsuchaninventorywouldleadtobetterreadingskills.GrammarControlItemphasizedthesentencepatternsmost-commonlyfoundinspokenconversation,verydifferentfromtheabstractmodelofgrammarseenintheGram

4、mar-TranslationMethod.Suchpatternswereincorporatedintodictionariesandhandbooksforstudents.Themaincharacteristicsoftheapproachwereasfollow:Languageteachingbeginswiththespokenlanguage.Materialistaughtorallybeforeitispresentedinwrittenform.Thetargetlanguageisthelanguageoftheclassroom.Newlan

5、guagepointsareintroducedandpracticedsituationally.Vocabularyselectionproceduresarefollowedtoensurethatanessentialgeneralservicevocabularyiscovered.Itemsofgrammararegradedfollowingtheprinciplethatsimpleformsshouldbetaughtbeforecomplexones.Readingandwritingareintroducedonceasufficientlexic

6、alandgrammaticalbasisisestablished.ApproachTheoryoflanguage:canbecharacterizedasatypeofBritish“structuralism.”Speechwasregardedasthebasisoflanguage,andstructurewasviewedasbeingattheheartofspeakingability.Theoryoflearning:isatypeofbehavioristhabit-learningtheory.Itaddressesprimarilythepro

7、cessesratherthantheconditionsoflearning.Forexample,citesPalmer’sviewsasauthoritative:AsPalmerhaspointedouttherearethreeprocessesinlearningalanguage-receivingtheknowledgeormaterials,fixingitinthememorybyrepetition,andusingitinactualpracticeuntilitbecomesapersonalskill.Desi