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1、WritingDevicesMetonymy（转喻）Inmetonymy,anideaisevokedornamedbymeansoftermdesignatingsomeassociatednotion.“It”standsfor“thought”ingrammar,butactuallyreferstoMr.Houghton,anditisvulgartorefertoagirlasaskirt.：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事力量Itwilllectu
2、reondisinterestedpuritywhileitsneckisbeingremorselesslytwistedtowardaskirt.(Para.23)Mr.HoughtonMoreexamplesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.girlsWritingDevicesDemocracyfavorsthevoteratherthanthebullet.(Vote=election,bullet=militarysolutions)“Politicalpowergrowsoutoftheba
3、rrelofagun.”(MaoZedongrefersittothemilitaryrevolution)BillGatesisthekingofoperatingsystemsworldwide.(BillGates=Microsoft)Thepenismightierthanthesword.(pen=writer;sword=fighter)ComparisonsynecdocheTobecontinuedonthenextpage.WritingDevicesIrony（反语）Tobecontinuedonthen
4、extpage.Ironyistheexpressionofone’smeaningbyusinglanguagethatnormallysignifiestheopposite,typicallyforhumorousoremphaticeffect.Technically,itisaboutasproficientasmostbusinessmen’sgolf,ashonestasmostpoliticians’intentions,orascoherentasmostbooksthatgetwritten.(Para.
5、23)Mr.Houghtonwasgiventohigh-mindedmonologuesaboutthegoodlife,sexlessandfullofduty.(Para.20)WritingDevicesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance.Youcouldhearthewind,trappedinhischestandstrugglingwit
6、halltheunnaturalimpediments.Hisbodywouldreelwithshockandhisfacegowhiteattheunaccustomedvisitation.Hewouldstaggerbacktohisdeskandcollapsethere,uselessfortherestofthemorning.(Para.19)Hyperbole（夸张）WritingDevicesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Simile（明喻）Itmakesacomparisonbe
7、tweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslike“as”,“as...as”,“asif”and“like”areusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Theyallcametumblingdownlikesomanyrottenapplesoffatree.(Para.31)Manenjoysagreemen
8、tascowswillgrazeallthesamewayonthesideofahill.(Para.24)WritingDevicesMetaphor（暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,but
