2018高考构词法之派生法

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1、2018高考构词法之派生法1.构成名词的常用后缀(1)构成表示人或物的名词的常用后缀后缀例词-erclean-^cleaner清洁工thinker思想者pain-killer止痛药report-^reporter记者eye-opener使人惊奇的事物villager村民strange-^stranger卩百生人interpreter口译者-eeemploy-^employee受雇者；雇员interview-^intendewee被面试者train-*trainee受训练的人；学员•orinvent-^inventor发明者act-actor导演sail-s

2、ailor水T-transistor晶体管visit-^visitor游客semi-conductor半导体translate-translator译者direct-^director导演-esshost—hostess女主人waitress女侍应牛goddess女神act-*actress女演员lioness母狮子-anAmcrica-Amcrican美国人Europe-European欧洲人Canada-Canadian力口拿大人India-Indian印度人-ianmusic—musician音乐家magician魔术0帀politics-^poli

3、tician政治家technician技术员historyhistorian历史学家physician医师-istart-*artist艺术家specialist专家Buddhist佛教徒science-*scientist科学家Marxist马克思主义者piano-*pianist钢琴家dentist牙医typist打字员socialist（社会主义者）,communist（共产主义者）-antserve—servant仆人inhabitant居民participate—participant参力口者contestant竞争者assist-^assist

4、ant助手，图书管理员-eseChinese中国人JapaneseFl本人Portuguese葡萄牙人・ee）rengineer工程师volunteer志愿者mountaineer登山家-arlie-*liar说谎者beg-beggar乞丐(2)构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词的常用后缀①形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词•cyefficient—>efficiency效率；功效fluent^fluency流利；流畅accurate^accuracy准确性private—>privacy隐私；私密urgent—>urgcncy紧急，紧急的事emergent—>e

5、mergency紧急情况・domfree—>freedom自由；自主wise—>wisdom明智；智慧king-kingdom王国-encedifferent—^difference差界silent—>silence沉默dependent-dependence依靠confident-confidence自信abscnt-abscncc缺席prcscnt-prcscncc出席convenient-convenience方便diligent-diligence勤奋evident-evidence证据excellent-excellence优秀innocent-

6、innocence天真，无辜intelligent・intclligence智力patient-patience耐心romantic-romance浪漫violcnt-violcncc暴力-anceimportant-importance重要性distant-distance距离-nessweak—>weakness虚弱；弱点kind—^kindness仁慈；好意careless—>carclcssncss粗心大意dark—>darkncss黑暗ill-illness疾病happy-happincss快乐great-greatness伟大cold-cold

7、ness寒冷，冷淡aware-awareness意识bitter-bitterness苦blind-blindness失明calm-calmness冷静clever-clevemess聪明crazy-craziness疯狂eager-eagerness渴望fair-fairness公平foolish-foolishness愚蠢fit-fitness健康，适当lazy-lazincss懒惰loncly-lonclincss孤独quiet-quietness宁静sad-sadness悲伤serious-seriousness严重性sweet-sweetness

8、甜美steady-steadiness稳定thick-thickn