Basic writing 4

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1、SentencepatternsFloraSun英语句子成分v主语（subject）：句子中谓语动作的发出者。vThesunrisesintheeast.（名词）v谓语（predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。vWestudyEnglish.  v宾语（object）：句子中谓语动作的承受者。vHehatesyou.（代词） v表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。vHeisthin.（形容词）v宾补（objectcomplement）：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。vWewillmakethemha

2、ppy.（形容词）v主补（subjectcomplement）：对主语的补充。v Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.v定语（attributive）：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。vWebelongtothethirdworld.（数词）v状语（adverbial）：用来修饰动词、形容词、或副词的部分。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。  vIwillgotheretomorrow.      修饰语错位（misplacedmodifiers）vMisplacedmodifiersarewo

3、rdsthat,becauseofawkwardplacement,donotdescribewhatthewriterintendedthemtodescribe.vGeorgecouldn’tdrivetoworkinhissmallsportscarswithabrokenleg.vWithabrokenleg,Georgecouldn’tdrivetoworkinhissmallsportscars.vThetoasterwassoldtousbyacharmingsalesmanwithamoney-backguarantee.vThetoa

4、sterwithamoney-backguaranteewassoldtousbyacharmingsalesman.vHenearlybrushedhisteethfortwentyminuteseverynight.vHebrushedhisteethfornearlytwentyminuteseverynight.vRules:vToavoidthis,placewordsascloseaspossibletowhattheydescribe.vOvertoyou:P478.Subjectsandverbsv1.Thebasicbuildingb

5、locksofEnglishsentencesaresubjectsandverbs.vEverysentencehasasubjectandaverb.vTheboycried.vTheshowisadocumentary.v中文：小马哥很矮。vMasiyuanisshort.Subjectsandverbsv2.一个句子可能有多个主语或谓语。vTheenginecoughedandsputtered.vBrokenglassandemptycanslitteredtheparkinglot.v3.句子的主语不会出现在介词短语中。vThepeople

6、intheapartmentaboveoursfightloudly.vSpecksofdustdancegentlyinarayofsunlight.Subjectsandverbsv4.todo结构中的动词不是句子的谓语部分。vAtnightmysonlikestoreadunderthecovers.vEvelyndecidedtoseparatefromherhusband.v5.动词的-ing形式也不是句子的谓语部分。vTheygoingonatripthisweekend.vTheyaregoingonatripthisweekend.Fr

7、agments（不完整句）vDefinition：vAwordgroupthatlacksasubjectoraverbanddoesnotexpressacompletethoughtisafragment.vTypes:vDependent-wordfragmentsv-ingandtofragmentsvAdded-detailfragmentsvMissing-subjectfragments1.Dependent-wordfragmentsvSomewordgroupsthatbeginwithadependentwordarefragmen

8、ts.vAfterIcashedmypaycheck.Itreatedmyselftodinn