【精品】函数栈分析

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1、首先看看《ComputerSystems》•书中关于函数调用的描述:IA32programsmakeuseoftheprogramstacktosupportprocedurecalls.Thestackisusedtopassprocedurearguments,tostorereturninformation，tosaveregistersforlaterrestoration,andforlocalstorage・Theportionofthestackallocatedforasingleprocedurecalliscalledastackframe・Figure3

2、.16diagramsthegeneralstructureofastackframe・Thetopmoststackframeisdelimitedbytwopointers,withregister%ebpservingastheframepointer,andregister%espservingasthestackpointer.Thestackpointercanmovewhiletheprocedureisexecuting,andhencemostinformationisaccessedrelativetotheframepointer・StackBottom

3、▼CunentFiaineCaller'sFrameIncieasingAddiessFlgiire3.16:StackFrameStructure.Thestackisusedforpassingarguments.forstormgrekimmfbmia-tioiLforsavingregisters,andforlocalstorage.SupposeprocedureP(thecaller)callsprocedureQ(thecallee).TheargumentstoQarecontainedwithinthestackframeforP.Inaddition,w

4、henPcallsQ,thereturnaddresswithinPwheretheprogramshouldresumeexecutionwhenitreturnsfromQispushedonthestack,formingtheendofP'sstackframe・ThestackframeforQstartswiththesavedvalueoftheframepointer(i.e.,%ebp)・followedbycopiesofanyothersavedregistervalues・ProcedureQalsousesthestackforanylocalvar

5、iablesthatcannotbestoredinregisters・Thiscanoccurforthefollowingreasons:1.Therearenotenoughregisterstoholdallofthelocaldata・2.Someofthelocalvariablesarearraysorstructuresandhencemustbeaccessedbyarrayorstructurereferences・3.Theaddressoperator1&'isappliedtooneofthelocalvariables,andhencewemust

6、beabletogenerateanaddressforit.Finally,Qwillusethestackframeforstoringargumentstoanyproceduresitcalls・Asdescribedearlier,thestackgrowstowardloweraddressesandthestackpointer%esppointstothetopelementofthestack・Datacanbestoredonandretrievedfromthestackusingthepushlandpoplinstructions.Spaceford

7、atawithnospecifiedinitialvaluecanbeallocatedonthestackbysimplydecrementingthestackpointerbyanappropriateamount.Similarly,spacecanbedeallocatedbyincrementingthestackpointer.卜・血进入测试过程，我的测试代码如下：#ineludevoidtest(inti){charoutput[8];strcpy(output,Habcdefgn);}