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1、管理学硕士研究生课程ManagementCourseforMSGraduateStudents第六章管理学领导协调理论引言如何运用奖赏和激励权力（士气和积极性）如何和谐组织以实现组织目标（沟通和创造性）有效领导者的个性与为人（天赋和修养）5.1MotivatingandRewardingEmployees激励原理早期激励理论现代激励理论Drives行为冲动SearchBehavior付诸行动Tension精神不安ReductionofTension恢复平静SatisfiedNeed渴望得以满足TheMotivationProcess动机源于需要U
2、nsatisfiedNeed内心渴望Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsSelfEsteem自尊Social社交Safety安全Physiological生存需要具有层次性：有层次地调动积极性TheoryXWorkers懒惰无能，屈于强迫DislikeWorkAvoidResponsibilityLittleAmbitionTheoryYWorkers勤奋上进，渴望赏识EnjoyWorkAcceptResponsibilitySelf-Directed满足需要有不同的态度：消极的和积极的现代激励理论深入探讨精神需要需要理论：每个人都渴
3、望成功、支配、荣耀（Three-needstheory,McCleland,1961,1969）公平理论：每个人都渴望获得较他人公平的待遇（Equitytheory,Adams,1965）期望理论：动机强度取决于各人对努力、绩效和目标的信念（Expectancytheory,Vroom,1966）工作特性理论：任何工作都具有满足员工精神需要的特性（JobCharacteristicsModel,HackmanandOldham,1976）TheTheoryofNeeds渴望成就荣耀DavidMcClelland渴望成功NeedForAchieve
4、ment(nAch)渴望支配NeedForPower(nPow)渴望荣耀NeedForAffiliation(nAff)EquityTheory渴望公平待遇RatioComparison*Employee’sPerceptionOutcomesAInputsAOutcomesAInputsAOutcomesAInputsAOutcomesBInputsBOutcomesBInputsBOutcomesBInputsB<=>Inequity(Under-Rewarded)EquityInequity(Over-Rewarded)*WhereAist
5、heemployee,andBisarelevantotherorreferent.TheJobCharacteristicsModel渴望工作实现自我SkillVariety技能多样TaskIdentity任务明确TaskSignificance有意义Autonomy自主Feedback认可CharacteristicsExamplesSkillVarietyHighvarietyTheowner-operatorofagaragewhodoeselectricalrepair,rebuildsengines,doesbodywork,andi
6、nteractswithcustomersLowvarietyAbodyshopworkerwhosprayspainteighthoursadayTaskIdentityHighidentityAcabinetmakerwhodesignsapieceoffurniture,selectsthewood,buildstheobject,andfinishesittoperfectionLowidentityAworkerinafurniturefactorywhooperatesalathetomaketablelegsTaskSignific
7、anceHighsignificanceNursingthesickinahospitalintensive-careunitLowsignificanceSweepinghospitalfloorsAutonomyHighautonomyAtelephoneinstallerwhoscheduleshisorherownworkfortheday,anddecidesonthebesttechniquesforaparticularinstallationLowautonomyAtelephoneoperatorwhomusthandlecal
8、lsastheycomeaccordingtoaroutine,highlyspecifiedprocedureFeedbackHigh
