Foster JB - The Treadmill of Accumulation - Schnaiberg’s Environment and Marxian Political Economy

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1、ORGANIZATION&ENVIRONMENT/March2005Foster/TREADMILLOFACCUMULATION10.1177/1086026604270442THETREADMILLOFACCUMULATIONSchnaiberg’sEnvironmentandMarxianPoliticalEconomyJOHNBELLAMYFOSTERUniversityofOregonAllanSchnaiberg’s“treadmillofproduction”modelhasformedthesinglemostinfluentialframewor

2、kofanalysiswithinenvironmentalsociologyintheUnitedStates.Schnaiberg’sworkisoftencharacterizedas“neo-Marxist,”butitsactualrelationtoMarxianpoliticaleconomyhasbeenleftobscure.ThefollowingarticleexaminesMarx’streatmentofthetreadmillasthecrudesthistoricalexpressionofthecapitalistmodeofpr

3、oduction;therootsofSchnaiberg’sanalysisinBaranandSweezy’sconceptionofmonopolycapitalandGabrielKolko’sconceptionofpoliticalcapitalism;thelaterdivergenceofthetreadmillthe-oryandMarxianpoliticaleconomy;thedisappearanceoftheexplicitcritiqueofcapitalisminthejointworkofSchnaibergandKenneth

4、AlanGould;andthereconvergenceofthesetra-ditionsinthecurrentphaseofenvironmentalsociologycharacterizedbythedebatewithecologicalmodernization.Thetreadmillmodeldemonstratesthatthechoicebetweenbar-barismandcivilizationisnotsimplyaquestionoftheorganizationofthehumanrelationswithinsocietyb

5、utalsoaquestionoftheorganizationofthehumanrelationtotheenvironment.Keywords:Schnaiberg;Sweezy;treadmill;capitalism;environmentn1994,soonaftermybookTheVulnerablePlanet:AShortEconomicHis-ItoryoftheEnvironment(Foster,1994)appeared,Iwasinvitedtogiveakey-noteluncheonaddressto“Watersheds‘9

6、4,”aconferenceorganizedbytheEnvi-ronmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),Region10,tobeheldinSeptemberofthatyearinBellevue,Washington.Iwasencouragedtoprovidemyfullanalysisoftheecologicalcrisisanditssocialcauses,buttherewasonecatch:Iwascautionednottonamethesystem;allexplicitreferencestocapitali

7、smneededtobeleftout.Theconditionimposedonmecreatedadilemma.Myecologicalcritiqueneces-sarilyinvolvedacritiqueofthesystem.HowcouldIengageinsuchacritiquewith-outnamingit?CouldIevengivesuchatalk?Theanswercametomefairlyquickly:Icouldcallthesystem“thetreadmillofproduction”andusethatasadevi

8、cetobringout