国际经济法精品教学（华南师范大学）anoverviewofthewtolegalsystem

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1、AnOverviewoftheWTOLegalSystemSection1TheEvolutionoftheGATTLegalSystem1.ABriefIntroductionofGATTThe“predecessor”oftheWTOTheWTOshallbeguidedbythedecisions,proceduresandcustomarypracticesfollowedbytheCONTRACTINGPARTIES缔约方全体toGATT1947andthebodiesestablishedintheframeworkofGATT1947.2.TheFlawedCon

2、stitutionalBeginningsofGATTThe1944BretonWoodsconferenceThetwostrandsofthinkingaboutcreatinganorganizationforinternationaltradeTheUSgov.invitedanumberofnationstoenterintonegotiationstoconcludeamultilateralagreementforthemutualreductionoftariffsin1945.TheUNwasformed;ThepreparationoftheITOchart

3、er国际贸易组织宪章wasundertaken.TheITOwouldbetheorganizationandthatGATTwouldbeaspecializedagreementaspartoftheITO.按照原来的计划，关贸总协定只是在国际贸易组织成立前的一个过渡性步骤，它的大部分条款将在“国际贸易组织宪章”被各国通过后纳入其中。3.GATTandtheProtocolofProvisionalApplication由于未能达到GATT规定的生效条件，作为多边国际协定的GATT从未正式生效，而是一直通过《临时适用议定书》的形式产生临时适用的效力。4.GATTFillst

4、heVacuumBythemid1950s,theGATTcontractingpartiesbegantoprepareGATTtoplaybettertheroleitwasassumingasthecentralinternationalinstitutionfortrade.TheyattemptedtoamendGATTandalsodraftedaneworganizationalcharterforanOTC(OrganizationforTradeCooperation)defactoorganization从名称上看，关贸总协定只是一项“协定”，但它实际上等于

5、是一个“组织”。其最高决策机构是缔约国大会(通常每年举行一次)，其常设机构是由缔约国常任代表组成的理事会(一般每两个月开例会一次)，其常设秘书处设在日内瓦。此外，关贸总协定下还设有二十个机构，如贸易与发展委员会，国际收支限制委员会、关税减让委员会、反倾销委员会、纺织品委员会等分别负责各种专门问题事务。Section2AnOverviewoftheWTOLegalSystem1.TheEstablishmentofWTOTheUruguayRound1994theMarrakechAgreementEstablishingtheWorldTradeOrganizationItis

6、amini-charter,relativelyspareregardinginstitutionalmeasuresandcontainingnosubstantiverules,althoughthemajorityofthetextconcerningsuchmatterareincludedinAnnexes.GATTYears194719481949195060-6164-6773-7986-931994Jan1,95Jan1,96HavanaConference(ITO)–1stRoundTheGATTentersintoforce2ndRound:Annecy3r

7、dRound:Torquay4thRound:Geneva5thRound:“DillonRound”6thRound:“KennedyRound”7thRound:“TokyoRound”8thRound:“UruguayRound”MarrakeshConferenceWTOentersintoforceTheGATT(1947)nolongerinforce19562.MainFunctionsoftheWTO2.1internationalorganization2.2legalsy