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1、TransportationA.INLANDCARRIAGEB.CARRIAGEOFGOODSBYSEAC.CHARTERPARTIESD.MARITIMEINSURANCEE.CARRIAGEOFGOODSBYAIR1.ItisCommonPracticefortheSellertoArrangeforInlandCarriage,withtheinlandcarriertransferringthegoodstoafreightforwarderataseaportorairportforthelattertoarra
2、ngeandoverseetheshipmentofthegoodsabroad.A.INLANDCARRIAGE2.TheConventionfortheInternationalCarriageofGoodsbyRoad(theCMRConvention)a.Representativeoftheconventionsgoverningroadtransport.b.Applieswhenevergoodsareshippedbetweentwocountries,atleastoneofwhichisasignato
3、ryoftheconvention.c.Theconventionrequiresacarriertoissuea“consignmentnote”,which1)isnotanegotiableinstrument;2)isprimafacieevidenceof:a)themakingofatransportcontract.b)thereceiptofgoods.c)theconditionofthegoods.d.TheConventiongrantstheconsigneetherightto:1)demandd
4、eliveryofthegoodsinexchangeforareceipt.2)suethecarrierinthecarrier’sownnameforanyloss,damage,ordelayforwhichthecarrierisresponsible.e.Untilthetimethatthegoodsareturnedovertotheconsignee,theshipper(consignor)hastherighttoorderthecarriertostopthemintransit,tochanget
5、heplacefordelivery,ortoorderthemdeliveredtoadifferentconsignee.f.Ifaroadcarriagecontractinvolvesmultiplecarriers:1)eachcarrieristreatedasapartytothecontract.2)eachcarrierisresponsiblefortheentiretransaction.3)suitscanbebroughtagainst:a)thefirstcarrier,b)thelastcar
6、rier,orc)thecarrierinpossessionatthetimeoftheloss.g.Carriersareliableforloss,damage,ordelayuptotheliabilitylimitsetbytheConvention,solongastheconsignmentnotestatesthatcarriageisgovernedbytheCMR.1)Theliabilitylimitis8.33SpecialDrawingRightsperkilogram,unlessthecons
7、ignordeclaresahighervalueandpaysasurcharge.2)IftheconsignmentnotefailstoincludeareferencetotheCMR,thecarrierwillbeliableforanyresultinginjury.h.Carriersareexcusedfromliabilityiftheycanprovethattheloss,damageordelaywascausedby:1)theconsignor,or2)theconsignee.i.Acon
8、signeehastonotifythecarrier:1)Within7daysofdeliverytoassertaclaimforlossordamages.2)Within21daysofdeliverytomakeaclaimforlossesresultingfromdelay.4.TheC